Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Role of cytokinins and physical state of the culture medium to improve in vitro shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Boufeggous

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We investigated the effects of cytokinins and the physical state of the culture medium on in vitro shoot multiplication of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Boufeggous. Organogenic cultures obtained from shoot tip explants were cultured on stationary liquid or semi-solid half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS/2) supplemented with 3 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and with either N6-[2-isopentenyl] adenine (2iP), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin (KIN), or thidiazuron (TDZ) at 1, 2, 3, or 4 μM. After 3 months of culture, shoot multiplication, hyperhydricity, browning, and precocious rooting were significantly influenced by the type and level of cytokinins and the physical state of the culture medium. Generally, BAP and KIN stimulated shoot multiplication better than 2iP and TDZ, while semi-solid media supported morphologically superior shoots than stationary liquid media. The optimal medium for shoot multiplication was semi-solid MS/2 supplemented with 3 μM IBA and 3 μM BAP. The shoot multiplication rate increased with increasing BAP concentration, but more hyperhydricity was observed. Regenerated shoots were elongated and rooted on plant growth regulator-free MS/2 medium. After plantlets were transferred to a glasshouse, those that were previously cultured on semi-solid media showed higher survival rates, reaching 92.5 %. The protocol reported here will be useful for the rapid and efficient propagation of cv. Boufeggous, an elite date palm cultivar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

2iP:

N6-[2-isopentenyl] adenine

BAP:

6-benzylaminopurine

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

KIN:

Kinetin

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

References

  • Abahmane L (2011) Date palm micropropagation via organogenesis. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 69–90

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Abohatem M, Zouine J, El Hadrami I (2011) Low concentrations of BAP and high rate of subcultures improve the establishment and multiplication of somatic embryos in date palm suspension cultures by limiting oxidative browning associated with high levels of total phenols and peroxidase activities. Sci Hortic 130:344–348

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Khayri JM (2005) Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. In: Jain SM, Gupta PK (eds) Protocols of somatic embryogenesis in woody plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 309–318

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khateeb AA (2006) Role of cytokinin and auxin on the multiplication stage of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sukry. Biotech 5:349–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Khateeb AA (2008) The problems facing the use of tissue culture technique in date palm (Phœnix dactylifera L.). Sci J King Faisal Univ 9:85–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Badr-Elden AM, Nower AA, Ibrahim IA, Ebrahim MKH, AbdElaziem TM (2012) Minimizing the hyperhydricity associated with in vitro growth and development of watermelon by modifying the culture conditions. Afr J Biotechnol 11:8705–8717

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barakat MN, El-Sammak H (2011) In vitro culture and plant regeneration from shoot tip and lateral bud explants of Gypsophila paniculata L. J Med Plant Res 5:3351–3358

    Google Scholar 

  • Beauchesne G, Zaid A, Rhiss A (1986) Meristematic potentialities of bottom of young leaves to rapidly propagate date palm. Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on the Date Palm, 3–6 March, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, pp 87–94

  • Bhatt LD, Dhar U (2000) Micropropagation of Indian wild strawberry. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 60:83–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty DS, Park Y, Ali MB, Shin KS, Pack KY (2006) Hyperhydricity in apple: ultrastructural and physiological aspects. Tree Physiol 26:377–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debergh P, Aitken-Chistie J, Cohen D, Grout B, Von Arnold S, Zimmermann TW, Ziv M (1992) Reconsideration of the term vitrification as used in micropropagation. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 30:135–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi M (1988) Les maladies du palmier dattier. Projet régional de lutte contre le Bayoud. FAO (Rab/84/0/8), Alger

  • El Hadrami I, Cheikh R, Baaziz M (1995) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from shoot-tip explants in Phoenix dactylifera L. Biol Plant 37:205–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez D, Lourd M, Quinten M, Tantaoui A, Geiger JP (1995) Le bayoud du palmier dattier, une maladie qui menace la phoeniciculture. Phytoma 469:36–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Fki L, Bouaziz N, Kriaa W, Benjemaa-Masmoudi R, Gargouri-Bouzid R, Rival A, Drira N (2011) Multiple bud cultures of ‘Barhee’ date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and physiological status of regenerated plants. J Plant Physiol 168:1694–1700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gana AS (2011) The role of synthetic growth hormones in crop multiplication and improvement. Afr J Biotechnol 10:10330–10334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaspar T, Kevers C, Penel C, Greppin H, Reid DM, Thorpe TA (1996) Plant hormones and plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 32:272–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo B, Abbasi BH, Zeb A, Xu LL, Wei YH (2011) Thidiazuron: a multi-dimensional plant growth regulator. Afr J Biotechnol 10:8984–9000

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain I, Rashid H, Muhammad A, Quraishi A (2001) In vitro multiplication of date palm. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Date Palm, 25–27 March, Al Ain, UAE, pp 432–438

  • Jain SM (2012) Date palm biotechnology: current status and prospective-an overview. Emir J Food Agric 24:386–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadota M, Niimi Y (2003) Effects of cytokinin types and their concentrations on shoot proliferation and hyperhydricity in in vitro pear cultivar shoots. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 72:261–265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, Bi Bi T (2012) Direct shoot regeneration system for date palm (Phœnix dactylifera L.) cv. Dhakki as a means of micropropagation. Pak J Bot 44:1965–1971

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khierallah HSM, Bader SM (2007) Micropropagation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) var. Maktoom through direct organogenesis. Acta Horticult 736:213–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunert KJ, Baaziz M, Cullis CA (2003) Techniques for determination of true-to-type date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plants: a literature review. Emir J Agric Sci 15:1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Kalpana K, Chang W, Lin N (2007) Improving multiple shoot proliferation in Bamboo Mosaic virus-free Bambusaoldhamii Munro propagation by liquid culture. Hortscience 42:1243–1246

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loutfi K, El Hadrami I (2005) Phoenix dactilyfera date palm. In: Litz RE (ed) Biotechnology of fruit and nut crops. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 144–156

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari P, Kovalchuk I (2011) Efficient shoot regeneration from internodal explants of Populusangustifolia, Populusbalsamifera and Populus deltoids. New Biotechnol 28:778–787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mazri MA (2012) Effect of liquid media and in vitro pre-acclimatization stage on shoot elongation and acclimatization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Najda. J Ornament Hortic Plants 2:225–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazri MA, Meziani R (2013) An improved method for micropropagation and regeneration of date palm (Phœnix dactyliferaL.). J Plant Biochem Biotechnol 22:176–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCubbin MJ, Zaid A (2007) Would a combination of organogenesis and embryogenesis techniques in date palm micropropagation be the Answer? Acta Horticult 736:255–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog FA (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Phys Planta 15:473–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy BNS, Murch SJ, Saxena PK (1998) Thidiazuron: a potent regulator of in vitro plant morphogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 34:267–275

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Othmani A, Bayoudh C, Drira N, Marrakchi M, Trifi M (2009) Regeneration and molecular analysis of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) plantlets using RAPD markers. Afr J Biotechnol 8:813–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereau-Leroy P (1958) Le palmier dattier au Maroc. Institut français de recherches fruitiers outre-mer (I.F.A.C.), Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirttilä AM, Podolich O, Koskimäki JJ, Hohtola E, Hohtola A (2008) Role of origin and endophyte infection in browning of bud-derived tissue cultures of Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.). Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 95:47–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preil W (2005) General introduction: a personal reflection on the use of liquid media for in vitro culture. In: Hvoslef-Eide AK, Preil W (eds) Liquid culture systems for in vitro plant propagation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ruffoni B, Savona M (2013) Physiological and biochemical analysis of growth abnormalities associated with plant tissue culture. Hortic Environ Biotechnol 54:191–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnablova R, Synkova H, Vicankova A, Burketova L, Ederc J, Cvikrova M (2006) Transgenic ipt tobacco overproducing cytokinins over accumulates phenolic compounds during in vitro growth. Plant Physiol Biochem 44:526–534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sedra MH (2011) Development of new Moroccan selected date palm varieties resistant to bayoud and of good fruit quality. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 513–531

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sedra MH, Lazrek BH (2011) Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis toxin characterization and use for selection of resistant date palm to bayoud disease. In: Jain SM, Al-Khayri JM, Johnson DV (eds) Date palm biotechnology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 253–270

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Sidky RA, Zaid ZE, El-Bana A (2007) Optimized protocol for in vitro rooting of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on the Date Palm, 5–8 May, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia, pp 454–467

  • Tao F, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Yao N, Wang D (2007) Contamination and browning in tissue culture of Platanus occidentalis L. For Stud China 9:279–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Staden J, Zazimalova E, George EF (2008) Plant growth regulators II: cytokinins, their analogues and antagonists. In: George EF, Hall MA, De Klerk GJ (eds) Plant propagation by tissue culture, vol I the background, 3rd edn. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 205–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Varshney A, Dhawan V, Srivastava PS (2000) A protocol for in vitro mass propagation of Asiatic hybrids of lily through liquid stationary culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 36:383–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vyas S, Rao MS, Suthar RK, Purohit SD (2008) Liquid culture system stimulates in vitro growth and shoot multiplication in four medicinally important plants. Med Arom Plant Sci Biotechnol 2:96–100

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, CRRA-Marrakech, UR Agro-Biotechnologie, Avenue Mohammed VI, B.P. 533, Marrakech, Morocco

    Mouaad Amine Mazri

Authors
  1. Mouaad Amine Mazri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mouaad Amine Mazri.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 30.2 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mazri, M.A. Role of cytokinins and physical state of the culture medium to improve in vitro shoot multiplication, rooting and acclimatization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Boufeggous. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 24, 268–275 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-014-0267-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-014-0267-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation