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Grain refinement of 24 karat gold (99.99 wt.% pure) and 22 karat gold (Au-5.8wt.%Cu-2.5wt.%Ag) by Au-6wt.%Ti grain refiner

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Abstract

In this paper, the 24 karat (99.99 wt.% pure) and 22 karat gold (Au-5.8wt.%Cu-2.5wt.%Ag) were grain refined with Au-6wt.%Ti master alloy and the mechanism of grain refinement was studied. The Au-6wt.%Ti master alloy containing Au2Ti and Au4Ti intermetallic particles was added into 24 karat and 22 karat gold at various addition levels of Ti (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 wt.%) for grain refinement. The intermetallic particles undergo peritectic reaction with liquid Au in sequence to nucleate α-Au solid. It is observed that both the 24 karat gold and 22 karat gold showed efficient grain refinement at the lowest addition level of Ti (0.1 wt.%). However, 22 karat showed better grain-refining efficiency than 24 karat at all addition level of Ti studied. The mechanism of grain refinement of gold in this study matches with the “Peritectic theory” and “Solute paradigm” proposed for the grain refinement of aluminium. It is also observed that increasing the master alloy addition level to 0.2 and 0.3 wt.% Ti coarsening in the grain size in both 24 karat and 22 karat, but significant in the case of 24 karat gold due to recalescence effect. The grain-refined 24 karat and 22 karat gold at 0.1 wt.% Ti showed improvement in the hardness in comparison to the un-grain refined one.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Mr. S. Santhosh and Mr. Sanjay Ranawade of Titan company Ltd., (Jewelry Division), Hosur, Tamilnadu, India, for supporting this work by supplying 24 karat gold. The authors also wish to thank Prof. D. Narayana Rao, Pro-Vice chancellor, SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh for his constant encouragement during this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu, 603203, India

    K. M. Saradesh

  2. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India

    G. S. Vinodkumar

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  1. K. M. Saradesh
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Correspondence to G. S. Vinodkumar.

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Saradesh, K.M., Vinodkumar, G.S. Grain refinement of 24 karat gold (99.99 wt.% pure) and 22 karat gold (Au-5.8wt.%Cu-2.5wt.%Ag) by Au-6wt.%Ti grain refiner. Gold Bull 53, 19–29 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13404-020-00270-5

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