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Modification of biomass-derived biochar: A practical approach towards development of sustainable CO2 adsorbent

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Abstract

The persistent increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributing to global warming, makes research directed towards carbon capture and storage (CCS) imperative. In the past few years, among the available adsorbents, biochar has drawn significant interest as a promising carbon-based material for low-temperature CO2 capture from flue/fuel gas (such as biogas or gasification-derived syngas) owing to its environmentally friendly nature, cost-effective and facile preparation method, and sustainable adsorption performance. This work provides a review of recent studies on the development of biochar from biomass feedstocks and its subsequent modification through various approaches, including physical, chemical and physicochemical activations for post-combustion CO2 capture. An overview of the factors, including pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and time, and different modification methods, affecting the physicochemical attributes of biochar such as surface area, microporosity, surface properties and functional groups is presented. Biochar with a large micropore volume, a narrow microporosity (0.3–0.8 nm) and basic surface characteristics would be effective in adsorbing CO2 molecules. In this regard, physical modification of biochar is closely related to pore formation, whereas chemical modification emphasizes the creation of oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups; hence, they contribute to the enhanced CO2 capture through porosity development and surface chemistry alteration, respectively. Biochar has presented a strong selectivity towards CO2 compared to other gasses and has revealed a sustainable performance in multi-cycles of CO2 adsorption–desorption; these are crucial features to ensure the large-scale application of biochar for CO2 capture.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been funded by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia and Universiti Sains Malaysia under FRGS with Project Code: FRGS/1/2019/TK02/USM/01/3. The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) for the scholarship granted to the first author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Nuradibah Mohd Amer & Abdul Rahman Mohamed

  2. Faculty of Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    Nuradibah Mohd Amer

  3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Pooya Lahijani

  4. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, 47148, Iran

    Maedeh Mohammadi

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  1. Nuradibah Mohd Amer
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  2. Pooya Lahijani
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  3. Maedeh Mohammadi
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  4. Abdul Rahman Mohamed
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Contributions

Literature review and drafting the original manuscript: Nuradibah Mohd Amer; Critical revision and supervision: Pooya Lahijani; Writing-review and editing: Maedeh Mohammadi; Funding acquisition and review: Abdul Rahman Mohammad.

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Correspondence to Pooya Lahijani.

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Amer, N.M., Lahijani, P., Mohammadi, M. et al. Modification of biomass-derived biochar: A practical approach towards development of sustainable CO2 adsorbent. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 7401–7448 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02905-3

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