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A comprehensive review on enhanced production of microbial lipids for high-value applications

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Abstract

Microbes are the major source of lipids, which include fatty acids and glycerolipids. Lipids are used as bioplastic and biosurfactants in several industries. Value-added compounds like alpha-linolenic acid, 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), keto-carotenoids, lactic acid, 2,3-butanediol, citric acid, lutein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, oleic acid, propionic acid, and succinic acid have huge applications in textile, cosmetic, food, metallurgy, and pharmaceutical industries. These microbial-based lipids have various industrial and technology applications as printing inks, lubricants, coatings, polymers, solvents, leather processing, hydraulic fluids, surfactants, glycerin (glycerol), pesticide/herbicide adjuvants, and fuels. Biotechnological processes such as medium engineering and metabolic engineering can enhance lipid production in microbes to a certain limit. Integrated biorefinery concept was introduced for cost reduction, efficient utilisation of feedstocks, high yield, zero waste discharges, high productivity, and economically viable technology development. It integrates the conversion of biomass to energy and other high-value products. This review focuses on the bioreactor design; integrated biorefineries; genetic and metabolic engineering prospect of enhanced microbial lipid production; application of microbial lipids in various sectors such as pharmaceuticals, dietary supplement, cosmetics, and biodiesel production; costing; and life cycle assessment. Furthermore, value-added products such as carotenoids, organic acids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and fatty acids were also discussed.

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  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 410206, India

    Rupal Gupta

  2. School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India

    Srijoni Banerjee

  3. Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India

    Soumya Pandit, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Abhilasha Singh Mathriya & Sanjay Kumar

  4. Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700160, India

    Dibyajit Lahiri & Moupriya Nag

  5. Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, West Bengal, 700064, India

    Rina Rani Ray

  6. Oil & Gas Research Centre, Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, OM, 123, Oman

    Sanket Joshi

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Gupta, R., Banerjee, S., Pandit, S. et al. A comprehensive review on enhanced production of microbial lipids for high-value applications. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 13, 15357–15380 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-02008-5

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