Abstract
In this paper, the current status of amino acid extraction from animal waste biomass and reducing sugar from plant waste biomass by hydrolysis in subcritical and supercritical water was reviewed. The properties of subcritical and supercritical water, reactor systems, reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism, and effects of different factors (temperature, time, and catalyst) on yield were summarized. Subcritical and supercritical water hydrolysis is a biorefinery approach for both protein and sugar—one treatment. Hydrolysis at subcritical and supercritical conditions may provide an efficient process for recovering useful chemicals from biomass wastes and for the disposal of biomass wastes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Toor SS, Rosendahl L, Rudolf A (2011) Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: a review of subcritical water technologies. Energy 36:2328–2342
Ramsurn H, Gupta RB (2012) Production of biocrude from biomass by acidic subcritical water followed by alkaline supercritical water two-step liquefaction. Energy Fuel 26:2365–2375
Zhu G, Zhu X, Fan Q, Wan X (2011) Recovery of biomass wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. Resour Conserv Recycl 55:409–416
Ikeda M, Takeno S (2013) Amino acid production by Corynebacterium glutamicum, in Corynebacterium glutamicum, Microbionlogy Monographs 23. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Neuner A, Wagner I, Sieker T, Ulber R, Schneider K, Peifer S, Heinzle E (2013) Production of l-lysine on different silage juices using genetically engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Biotechnol 163:217–224
Wade JRLG (2004) Organic chemistry, fifthth edn. Higher Education Press, Beiging
Savage PE (1999) Organic chemical reactions in supercritical water. Chem Rev 99:603–621
Kang K, Quitain AT, Daimon H, Noda R, Goto N, Hu H, Fujie K (2001) Optimization of amino acids production from waste fish entrails by hydrolysis in sub- and supercritical water. Can J Chem Eng 79:65–70
Wahyudiono, Machmudah S, Goto M (2013) Utilization of sub and supercritical water reactions in resource recovery of biomass wastes. Eng J 17:1–12
Zhu X, Wang Q, Jiang C (2004) Toluene oxidation to benzaldehyde in supercritical (subcritical) fluids. J Chem Ind Eng (China) 55:2001–2006 (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Zhu N, Wang Z, Guo X (2006) Hydrolysis of dioscin to diosgenin in subcritical water. Chem React Eng Technol 22:502–506 (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Hu Z, Cheng H, Zhu N, Zhu C (2007) Study on hydrolysis technology for amino acid production and hydrolysate decoloration from biomass waste in subcritical water. Acta Sci Circumstantiae 27:1305–1310 (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Wang Z, Guo X (2007) Technology of diosgenin production by dioscin hydrolysis in subcritical water. J Chem Eng Chinese Univ 21:122–125 (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Ji W, Ma Y, Qian J, Fan Q, Yang L, Cheng H (2009) The technology optimization and reaction dynamics of simulated explosive industrial wastewater degradation by super(sub)critical water oxidation method. J Chem Eng Chinese Univ 23:1058–1063 (in Chinese)
Loppinet-Serani A, Aymonier C, Cansell F (2010) Supercritical water for environmental technologies. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 85:583–589
Uematsu M, Franck EU (1980) Static dielectric constant of water and steam. J Phys Chem Ref Data 9:1291–1306
Akiya N, Savage PE (2002) Roles of water for chemical reactions in high-temperature water. Chem Rev 102:2725–2750
Brunner G (2009) Near critical and supercritical water. Part I. Hydrolytic and hydrothermal processes. J Supercrit Fluids 47:373–381
Krammer P, Vogel H (2000) Hydrolysis of esters in subcritical and supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 16:189–206
Rogalinski T, Herrmann S, Brunner G (2005) Production of amino acids from bovine serum albumin by continuous sub-critical water hydrolysis. J Supercrit Fluids 36:49–58
Sasaki M, Kabyemela B, Malaluan R, Hirose S, Takeda N, Adschiri T, Arai K (1998) Cellulose hydrolysis in subcritical and supercritical water. J Supercrit Fluids 13:261–268
Zhu G, Zhu X, Fan Q, Liu X, Shen Y, Jiang J (2010) Study on production of amino acids from bean dregs by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. Chinese J Chem 28:2033–2038
Zhu G, Zhu X, Fan Q, Wan X (2011) Kinetics of amino acids production from bean dregs by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. Amino Acids 40:1107–1113
Zhu G, Zhu X, Fan Q, Wan X (2011) Production of reducing sugars from bean dregs waste by hydrolysis in subcritical water. J Anal Appl Pyrol 90:182–186
Zhao Y, Lu W-J, Wang H-T, Li D (2009) Combined supercritical and subcritical process for cellulose hydrolysis to fermentable hexoses. Environ Sci Technol 43:1565–1570
Zhao Y, Lu W-J, Wang H-T, Yang J-L (2009) Fermentable hexose production from corn stalks and wheat straw with combined supercritical and subcritical hydrothermal technology. Bioresour Technol 100:5884–5889
Zhu G, Zhu X, Ma Y, Wan X, Fan Q, Ji W (2010) In situ reaction techniques used in supercritical (sub-critical) water. Prog Chem 22:1212–1220 (in Chinese)
Smith RL Jr, Fang Z (2009) Techniques, applications and future prospects of diamond anvil cells for studying supercritical water systems. J Supercrit Fluid 47:431–446
Sasaki M, Fang Z, Fukushima Y, Adschiri T, Arai K (2000) Dissolution and hydrolysis of cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:2883–2890
Zhu G, Zhu X, Xiao Z, Yi F (2012) Study of cellulose pyrolysis using an in situ visualization technique and thermogravimetic analyzer. J Anal Appl Pyrol 94:126–130
Zhu G, Zhu X, Xiao Z, Zhou R, Yi F (2012) Pyrolysis characteristics of bean dregs and in situ visualization of pyrolysis transformation. Waste Manag 32:2287–2293
Pan Z, Chou I-M, Burruss RC (2009) Hydrolysis of polycarbonate in sub-critical water in fused silica capillary reactor with in situ Raman spectroscopy. Green Chem 11:1105–1107
Zhu X, Zhu C, Zhao L, (2007) The hydrolysis technology and reaction kinetics for production amino acids from biomass waste in subcritical water. Chem World Suppl: 280–282. (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Cheng H, Zhu N (2008) Reaction kinetics of fish meat hydrolysis for amino acids production in sub-critical water. Chem Eng (China) 36:31–33 (in Chinese)
Zhu G, Zhu X, Wan X, Fan Q, Ma Y, Qian J, Liu X, Shen Y, Jiang J (2010) Hydrolysis technology and kinetics of poultry waste to produce amino acids in subcritical water. J Anal Appl Pyrol 88:187–191
Zhu X, Zhu C, Zhao L, Cheng H (2008) Amino acids production from fish proteins hydrolysis in subcritical water. Chinese J Chem Eng 16:456–460
Zhu G, Zhu X, Qian J, Zhu C, Ma Y, Liu X, Shen Y (2009) Research on hydrolysis technology and reaction kinetics for amino acids production from fish waste in sub-critical water. Amino Acids 37:93–93
Esteban MB, García AJ, Ramos P, Márquez MC (2008) Kinetics of amino acid production from hog hair by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. J Supercrit Fluid 46:137–141
Yoshida H, Terashima M, Takahashi Y (1999) Production of organic acids and amino acids from fish meat by sub-critical water hydrolysis. Biotechnol Prog 15:1090–1094
Lamoolphak W, Goto M, Sasaki M, Suphantharika M, Muangnapoh C, Prommuag C, Shotipruk A (2006) Hydrothermal decomposition of yeast cells for production of proteins and amino acids. J Hazard Mater 137:1643–1648
Lamoolphak W, De-Eknamkul W, Shotipruk A (2008) Hydrothermal production and characterization of protein and amino acids from silk waste. Bioresour Technol 99:7678–7685
Esteban MB, García AJ, Ramos P, Márquez MC (2010) Sub-critical water hydrolysis of hog hair for amino acid production. Bioresour Technol 101:2472–2476
Quitain AT, Sato N, Daimon H, Fujie K (2001) Production of valuable materials by hydrothermal treatment of shrimp shells. Ind Eng Chem Res 40:5885–5888
Zhu X, Yang L, Zhao L, Zhu C, Cheng H-b (2008) The hydrolysis technology optimization for amino acids production from feather in sub-critical water. J Chem Eng Chinese Univ 22:1032–1036 (in Chinese)
Espinoza AD, Morawicki RO (2012) Effect of additives on subcritical water hydrolysis of whey protein isolate. J Agric Food Chem 60:5250–5256
Sereewatthanawut I, Prapintip S, Watchiraruji K, Goto M, Sasaki M, Shotipruk A (2008) Extraction of protein and amino acids from deoiled rice bran by subcritical water hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 99:555–561
Watchararuji K, Goto M, Sasaki M, Shotipruk A (2008) Value-added subcritical water hydrolysate from ice bran and soybean meal. Bioresour Technol 99:6207–6213
Sato N, Quitain AT, Kang K, Daimon H, Fujie K (2004) Reaction kinetics of amino acid decomposition in high-temperature and high-pressure water. Ind Eng Chem Res 43:3217–3222
Faisal M, Sato N, Quitain AT, Daimon H, Fujie K (2005) Hydrolysis and cyclodehydration of dipeptide under hydrothermal conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 44:5472–5477
Abdelmoez W, Nakahasi T, Yoshida H (2007) Amino acid transformation and decomposition in saturated subcritical water conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 46:5286–5294
Cheng H, Zhu X, Zhu C, Qian J, Zhu N, Zhao L, Chen J (2008) Hydrolysis technology of biomass waste to produce amino acids in sub-critical water. Bioresour Technol 99:3337–3341
Yong TL-K, Matsumura Y (2012) Reaction kinetics of the lignin conversion in supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 51:11975–11988
Jollet V, Chambon F, Rataboul F, Cabiac A, Pinel C, Guillon E, Essayem N (2009) Non-catalyzed and Pt/γ-Al2O3-catalyzed hydrothermal cellulose dissolution-conversion: influence of the reaction parameters and analysis of the unreacted cellulose. Green Chem 11:2052–2060
Asghari FS, Yoshida H (2006) Acid-catalyzed production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural from D-fructose in subcritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 45:2163–2173
Yu Y, Lou X, Wu H (2008) Some recent advances in hydrolysis of biomass in hot-compressed water and its comparisons with other hydrolysis methods. Energy Fuel 22:46–60
Pińkowska H, Wolak P, Zlocińska A (2011) Hydrothermal decomposition of xlan as a model substance for plant biomass waste—Hydrothermolysis in subcritical water. Biomass Bioenergy 35:3902–3912
Sasaki M, Furukawa M, Minami K, Adschiri T, Arai K (2002) Kinetics and mechanism of cellobiose hydrolysis and retro-aldol condensation in subcritical and supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:6642–6649
Chuntanapum A, Yong TL-K, Miyake S, Matsumura Y (2008) Behavior of 5-HMF in subcritical and supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:2956–2962
Chuntanapum A, Matsumura Y (2009) Formation of tarry material from 5-HMF in subcritial and supercritical water. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:9837–9846
Ma Y-h, Zhu X, Wan X-l, Ji W-q, Tian L (2010) The effect of metal chloride on hydrolysis of cellulose in the subcritical water. J Chem Eng Chinese Univ 24:608–613 (in Chinese)
Kumar S, Gupta RB (2008) Hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water in a continuous flow reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:9321–9329
Yu Y, Wu H (2010) Understanding the primary liquid products of cellulose hydrolysis in hot-compressed water at various reaction temperatures. Energy Fuel 24:1963–1971
Fang Z, Minowa T, Smith RL Jr, Ogi T, Koziński JA (2004) Liquefaction and gasification of cellulose with Na2CO3 and Ni in subcritical water at 350 °C. Ind Eng Chem Res 43:2454–2463
Ogihara Y, Smith RL Jr, Inomata H, Arai K (2005) Direct observation of cellulose dissolution in subcritical and supercritical water over a wide rang of water densities (550–1000 kg/m3). Cellulose 12:595–606
Wang C, Zhou F, Yang Z, Wang W, Yu F, Wu Y, Chi R (2012) Hydrolysis of cellulose into reducing sugar via hot-compressed ethanol/water mixture. Biomass Bioenergy 42:143–150
Peng F, Ren J, Xu F, Bian J, Peng P, Dun R (2009) Comparative study of hemicelluloses obtained by graded ethanol precipitation from sugarcane bagasse. J Agric Food Chem 57:6305–6317 (in Chinese)
Zhu X, Fan Q, Wan X, Ma Y, Zhu G, (2010) Production of biomass energy precursor-reducing sugar from bagasse by catalytic hydrolysis in subcritical water. China Renewable Energy Technology and Development Conference, 2061–2066. (in Chinese)
Zhu G, Xiao Z, Zhu X, Yi F, Wan X (2013) Reducing sugars production from sugarcane bagasse wastes by hydrolysis in sub-critical water. Clean Techn Environ Policy 15:55–61
Zhu G, Zhu X, Xiao Z, Zhou R, Zhu Y, Wan X (2014) Kinetics of peanut shell pyrolysis and hydrolysis in subcritical water. J Mater Cycles Waste 16:546–556
Zhu X, Wan X, Ma Y, Zhu G, Tian L, Fan Q (2010) The catalytic hydrolysis and kinetics of peanuts shell in subcritical water. Chem React Eng Technol 26:565–569 (in Chinese)
Luo G, Shi W, Chen X, Ni W, Strong PJ, Jia Y, Wang H (2011) Hydrothermal conversion of water lettuce biomass at 473 or 523 K. Biomass Bioenrgy 35:4855–4861
Park J-N, Shin T-S, Lee J-H, Chun B-S (2012) Production of reducing sugars from Laminaria japonica by subcritical water hydrolysis. APCBEE Procedia 2:17–21
Sinağ A, Gülbay S, Uskan B, Canel M (2010) Biomass decomposition in near critical water. Energy Convers Manage 51:612–620
Khuwijitjaru P, Watsanit K, Adachi S (2012) Carbohydrate content and composition of product from subcritical water treatment of coconut meal. J Ind Eng Chem 18:225–229
Moreschi SRMM, Petenate AJ, Meireles MAA (2004) Hydrolysis of ginger bagasse starch in subcritical water and carbon dioxide. J Agric Food Chem 52:1753–1758
Wang Y, Wan J, Ma Y, Huang M (2012) Hydrolysis kinetics characteristic of recycled fiber in subcritical water. Bioresour Technol 105:152–159
Matsunaga M, Matsui H, Otsuka Y, Yamamoto S (2008) Chemical conversion of wood by treatment in a semi-batch reactor with subcritical water. J Supercrit Fluid 44:364–369
Asghari FS, Yoshida H (2010) Conversion of Japanese red pine wood (Pinus densiflora) into valuable chemicals under subcritical water conditions. Carbohydr Res 345:124–131
Lü X, Saka S (2010) Hydrolysis of Japanese beech by batch and semi-flow water under subcritical temperatures and pressures. Biomass Bioenrgy 34:1089–1097
Kim K-H, Eom I-Y, Lee S-M, Cho S-T, Choi I- G, Choi JW (2010) Applicability of sub- and supercritical water hydrolysis of woody biomass to produce monomeric sugars for cellulosic bioethanol fermentation. J Ind End Chem 16:918–922
Ando H, Sakaki T, Kokusho T, Shibata M, Uemura Y, Hatate Y (2000) Decomposition behavior of plant biomass in hot-compressed water. Ind Eng Chem Res 39:3688–3693
Lima MAP, Natalense APP (2012) Bioethanol, 1st edn. InTech, New York
Brunner G (2009) Near and supercritical water. Part II: Oxidative processes. J Supercrit Fluid 47:382–390
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Natural Science Fund of China (21276157) and Scientific Research Project Fund of Shanghai Institute of Technology (YJ2012-30) for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, G., Zhu, X., Xiao, Z. et al. A review of amino acids extraction from animal waste biomass and reducing sugars extraction from plant waste biomass by a clean method. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 5, 309–320 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-014-0153-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-014-0153-3