Abstract
Background
As a powerful complement to the paradigmatic DNA profiling strategy, biogeographical ancestry inference (BGAI) plays a significant part in human forensic investigation especially when a database hit or eyewitness testimony are not available. It indicates one’s biogeographical profile based on known population-specific genetic variations, and thus is crucial for guiding authority investigations to find unknown individuals. Forensic biogeographical ancestry testing exploits much of the recent advances in the understanding of human genomic variation and improving of molecular biology.
Objective
In this review, recent development of prospective ancestry informative markers (AIMs) and the statistical approaches of inferring biogeographic ancestry from AIMs are elucidated and discussed.
Methods
We highlight the research progress of three potential AIMs (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms, microhaplotypes, and Y or mtDNA uniparental markers) and discuss the prospects and challenges of two methods that are commonly used in BGAI.
Conclusion
While BGAI for forensic purposes has been thriving in recent years, important challenges, such as ethics and responsibilities, data completeness, and ununified standards for evaluation, remain for the use of biogeographical ancestry information in human forensic investigations. To address these issues and fully realize the value of BGAI in forensic investigation, efforts should be made not only by labs/institutions around the world independently, but also by inter-lab/institution collaborations.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grants from the Opening Project of Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law), Ministry of Education (2021KFKT07 and 2022KFKT07), and the National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3302004).
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The author Jing Liu contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first author.
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Wen, Y., Liu, J., Su, Y. et al. Forensic biogeographical ancestry inference: recent insights and current trends. Genes Genom 45, 1229–1238 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-023-01387-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-023-01387-5