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Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Acalypha indica and Raphanus sativus extracts and their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against human breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines

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Abstract

In the present study, an eco-friendly approach is adapted for the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO’s) by a simple hydrothermal reaction using two plant extracts namely Acalypha indica and Raphanus sativus. After the hydrothermal reaction, GO turns into a black color from brown color, which indicates the successful reduction of graphene oxide. Further, various characterization techniques such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction is used to confirm the physicochemical properties of synthesized rGO’s. Raman analysis confirms the reduction of GO by noticing an increase in the ID/IG ratio significantly. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy clearly show the morphology and crystalline nature of rGO’s. FT-IR spectrum confirms that the bioactive molecules of the plant extract (i.e. polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc.) playing a key role in the elimination of oxygen groups from the GO surface. Further, the synthesized rGO’s are tested for their potential against human lung and breast cancer cell lines. A significant cancer cell inhibition activity is obtained even in the less concentration of rGO’s with IC50 values for lung cancer cell lines are 38.46 µg/mL and 26.69 µg/mL for AIrGO and RSrGO, respectively. Similarly, IC50 values for breast cancer cell lines are 35.97 µg/mL and 33.22 µg/mL for AIrGO and RSrGO, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

Dr. P. Parthipan, gratefully acknowledges the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), for providing research fellowship under the National Postdoctoral Fellowship (PDF/2017/001134). The authors are very grateful to the Central instrumentation facility, Pondicherry University, Puducherry for providing the instrumentation facility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Parthipan Punniyakotti & Subramania Angaiah

  2. Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Vellore, 632115, India

    Rajasekar Aruliah

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  1. Parthipan Punniyakotti
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Correspondence to Subramania Angaiah.

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Punniyakotti, P., Aruliah, R. & Angaiah, S. Facile synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Acalypha indica and Raphanus sativus extracts and their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against human breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. 3 Biotech 11, 157 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-021-02689-9

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