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Harmful algal blooms under changing climate and constantly increasing anthropogenic actions: the review of management implications

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Abstract

The present review reports all management approaches (physical, chemical, and biological) traditionally adopted in mitigating the global impact of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs). It recognizes that each mitigation strategy shows characteristic associated limitations and notes that no remedial step has provided a sustainable solution to HABs on a global scale. It emphasizes that the putative anthropogenic N&P inputs reduction through improved wastewater treatment and regulation of point and non-point sources—agricultural fertilizers only offer a short term solution. These approaches are rather preventive than curative hence, do not address concerns relating to the recovery of already-eutrophic and hypereutrophic systems. It raises new concerns on the implications of non-agricultural pollutants such as hydrocarbon fractions in bloom accretions often neglected while addressing HAB triggers. It also accesses the global impacts of HABs as it pertains to socio-economic implications in the geographically diverse world. It, therefore, proposes that Integrated Management Intervention involving the merging of two or more mitigation steps be administered across the aquatic continua as a prudent management solution to complement the current N&P dual management paradigm. It stresses that the contemporaneous adoption of management options with both preventive and curative measures is a key to sustainable HAB management. This review provides sufficient advances and current scenarios for approaching cyanoHABs. Further, it advocates that future research perspectives tackle the mitigation design beyond the short-term nutrient regulations and the parochial attention to the point and non-point N&P input sources.

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Acknowledgements

The research was supported by National key research and development plan (2016YFC0401703), and Chinese National Science Foundation (5177090079, 51579071, 51379061, 41323001, 51539003, 41330751, 51279192); National Science Funds for Creative Research Groups of China (No. 51421006); the program of Dual Innovative Talents Plan and Innovative Research Team in Jiangsu Province; the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Amechi S. Nwankwegu, Yiping Li, Yanan Huang, Jin Wei, Eyram Norgbey, Linda Sarpong, Qiuying Lai & Kai Wang

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  1. Amechi S. Nwankwegu
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  2. Yiping Li
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  3. Yanan Huang
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  4. Jin Wei
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  6. Linda Sarpong
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  7. Qiuying Lai
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  8. Kai Wang
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Correspondence to Yiping Li.

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Nwankwegu, A.S., Li, Y., Huang, Y. et al. Harmful algal blooms under changing climate and constantly increasing anthropogenic actions: the review of management implications. 3 Biotech 9, 449 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1976-1

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