Abstract
Active packaging materials are generally prepared by incorporating antimicrobial agents. The main objective of the present research is the development and characterization of active packaging with Nano chitosan and pectin. Active packaging film was prepared by incorporating essential oil of Fennel (EOF) along with potato peel extract (PPE) to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial property of the film. Incorporation of EOF into Nano chitosan and pectin-based films increased antimicrobial activity, whereas; PPE increased the antioxidant property of the films. In the present study, thickness, optical property, mechanical property, antioxidant and antimicrobial property, total soluble matter, morphological study, FTIR analysis, and microbial degradation study of the prepared active packaging material was done. The addition of the PPE and EOF together improved the surface, optical, mechanical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the packaging film. Enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant property of the Nano chitosan-PPE-PVA-EOF and pectin-PPE-PVA-EOF-based packaging films can extend the shelf life of the packed food; hence it is suggested for the active packaging for perishable food commodity. In short, the prepared active packaging film with biodegradable property is suggested as an effective packaging material to replace synthetic plastic packages for food and hence reduce plastic pollution.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
The research data is not shared.
Data availability
The research data are not shared.
Abbreviations
- ATCC:
-
American type culture collection
- DPPH:
-
2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- EOF:
-
Essential oil of fennel
- NaOH:
-
Sodium hydroxide
- PPE:
-
Potato peel extract
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectra
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
References
Abdeltwab WM, Fathy Y, Azab W, Azab MEW (2019) Antimicrobial effect of chitosan and Nano chitosan against some pathogens and spoilage microorganisms. J Adv Lab Res 10(3):8–15
Ahmed AF, Shi M, Liu C, Kang W (2019) Comparative analysis of antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds from Egypt and China. Food Sci Hum Wellness 8(1):67–72
Bustos C RO, Alberti R FV, Matiacevich SB (2015) Edible antimicrobial films based on microencapsulated lemongrass oil. J Food Sci Technol 53(1):832–839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2027-5
Caner C, Vergano PJ, Wiles JL (2006) Chitosan film mechanical and permeation properties as affected by acid, plasticizer, and storage. J Food Sci 63(6):1049–1053. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15852.x
Dash KK, Ali NA, Das D, Mohanta D (2019) Thorough evaluation of sweet potato starch and lemon-waste pectin based edible film with nano-titania inclusion for the food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 134(1):449–458
Desai KG (2016) Chitosan nanoparticle prepared by inotropic gelation: an overview of recent advances. Crit Rev Ther Drug Sys 33(8):107–158
Deshwal G, Panjagari N (2020) Review on metal packaging: materials, forms, food applications, safety and recyclability. J Food Sci Technol 57:2377–2392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-04172-z
Enayat S, Banerjee S (2009) Comparative antioxidant activity of extracts from leaves, bark and catkins of Salix aegyptiaca sp. Food Chem 116(1):23–28
Gulfraz M, Mehmood S, Minhas N, Jabeen N, Kausar R, Jabeen K, Arshad G (2008) Composition and antimicrobial properties of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare. Afr J Biotechnolgy 74(9):364–4368
Haftom Y, Gebrechristos XM, Xiao F, He Y, Zheng S, Oyungerel G, Chen W (2020) Potato peel extract as an antimicrobial and potential antioxidant in active edible film. Food Sci Nutr 8(12):6338–6345
Jancy S, Shruthy R, Preetha R (2020) Fabrication of packaging film reinforced with cellulose nanoparticles synthesized from jackfruit non-edible part using response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 14(1):263–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.066
Lorevice MV, Otoni CG, de Moura MR, Mattoso LHC (2016) Chitosan nanoparticles on the improvement of thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties of high- and low-methyl pectin films. Food Hydrocoll 52(1):732–740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.003
Marudova M, MacDougall AJ, Ring SG (2004) Pectin–chitosan interactions and gel formation. Carbohydr Res 339(11):1933–1939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2004.05.017
Mendes JF, Norcino LB, Manrich A (2020) Characterization of pectin films integrated with Coco butter by continuous casting: physical, thermal and barrier properties. J Polym Environ 28:2905–2917
Mohammadi Nafchi A, Olfat A, Bagheri M, Nouri L, Karim AA, Ariffin F (2017) Preparation and characterization of a novel edible film based on Alyssum homolocarpum seed gum. J Food Sci Technol 54(6):1703–1710
Mimica-Dukic N, Bozin B, Sokovic M, Mihajlovic B, Matavulj M (2003) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Mentha species essential oils. Planta Medica 69(05):413–419
Namratha S, Sreejit V, Preetha R (2020) Fabrication and evaluation of physico chemical properties of probiotic edible film based on pectin-alginate-casein composite. Int J Food Sci Technol 55(4):1497–1505
Pathak VM, Navneet (2017) Review on the current status of polymer degradation: a microbial approach. Bioresour Bioprocess 4:15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-017-0145-9
Preetha R, Jayaprakash NS, Philip R, Singh ISB (2007) Optimization of medium for the production of a novel aquaculture probiotic, micrococcus MCCB 104 using central composite design. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng 12(5):548–555
Preetha R, Vijayan KK, Jayapraksh NS, Alavandi SV, Santiago TC, Singh ISB (2015) Optimization of culture conditions for mass production of the probiotics Pseudomonas MCCB 102 and 103 antagonistic to pathogenic vibrios in aquaculture. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 7:137–145
Priyadarshi R, Sauraj Kumar B, Deeba F, Kulshreshtha A, Negi YS (2018) Chitosan films incorporated with Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel essential oil as active food packaging material. Food Hydrocoll 85(2):158–166
Ramesh S, Radhakrishnan P (2020) Areca nut fiber nano crystals, clay nano particles and PVA blended bionanocomposite material for active packaging of food. Appl Nanosci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-020-01617-2
Rinaudo M (2006) Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 31(5):603–632
Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Chiralt A, Gonzalez-Martinez C, Chafer M (2011) Effect of essential oils on properties of film forming emulsion and film based on hydropropylmethyl cellulose and chitosan. J Food Eng 10(2):246–253
Shruthy R, Jancy S, Preetha R (2020) Cellulose nanoparticles synthesized from potato peel for the development of active packaging film for enhancement of shelf life of raw prawns (Penaus monodon) during frozen storage. Int J Food Sci Technol https://doi.org/10.1111/IJFS.14551
Shruthy R, Preetha R (2019) Cellulose nanoparticles from agro industrial waste for the development of active packaging. Appl Surf Sci 48(8):41274–42128
Singh N, Rajini PS (2004) Free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of potato peel. Food Chem 85(6):611–616
Srinivasa P, Tharanathan R (2007) Chitin/chitosan—safe, ecofriendly packaging materials with multiple potential uses. Food Rev Int 23(1):53–72
Verma MK, Shakya S, Kumar P (2021) Trends in packaging material for food products: historical background, current scenario, and future prospects. J Food Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-04964-2
Wang LY, Dong Y, Men HT, Tong J, Zhou J (2013) Preparation and characterization of action films based on chitosan incorporated tea polyphenols. Food Hydrocoll 32(4):35–41
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledged SRM Central Instrumentation Facility SRM Institute of Science and Technology and School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) for providing analysis facilities. We express our thanks to Prof. C. Muthamizchelvan, V.C., SRM Institute of Science and Technology and Dr. M. Vairamani, Chairperson, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology for cordial support. We also extend our sincere thanks to SRM IST for the selective excellence funding for the project support.
Funding
No external funding is applicable for the work. Only SRM Institute of Science and Technology Selective excellence funding was utilized for the project as mentioned in the acknowledgement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Ameya S. Sadadekar carried out the experiments, and wrote the manuscript, Navneeth Kumar and Kaushal Rajesh Pande carried out preliminary study for this work. R. Preetha designed, executed and supervised the work, Ramesh Shruthy, R. Preetha and G. Nagamaniammai edited the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
Ethical approval is not required for this research.
Consent for publication
This is an original work being done and it is not being submitted to any other journals for publication. The data provided including figures and table can be used for publishing in JFST and they are not being provided to any other journals.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sadadekar, A.S., Shruthy, R., Preetha, R. et al. Enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Nano chitosan and pectin based biodegradable active packaging films incorporated with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oil and potato (Solanum tuberosum) peel extracts. J Food Sci Technol 60, 938–946 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05333-9
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05333-9