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Electronic nose for detection of food adulteration: a review

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Abstract

The food products may attract unscrupulous vendors to dilute it with inexpensive alternative food sources to achieve more profit. The risk of high value food adulteration with cheaper substitutes has reached an alarming stage in recent years. Commonly available detection methods for food adulteration are costly, time consuming and requires high degree of technical expertise. However, a rapid and suitable detection method for possible adulterant is being evolved to tackle the aforesaid issues. In recent years, electronic nose (e-nose) system is being evolved for falsification detection of food products with reliable and rapid way. E-nose has the ability to artificially perceive aroma and distinguish them. The use of chemometric analysis together with gas sensor arrays have shown to be a significant procedure for quality monitoring in food. E-nose techniques with numerous provisions are reliable and favourable for food industry in food fraud detection. In the present review, the contributions of gas sensor based e-nose system are discussed extensively with a view to ascertain the adulteration of food products.

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Abbreviations

VOC:

Volatile organic compound

SAW:

Surface acoustic wave

MOS:

Metal oxide semiconductor

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLS:

Partial least square

SVM:

Support vector machine

LDA:

Linear discriminant analysis

PCR:

Principal component regression

DFA:

Discriminant factor analysis

ANN:

Artificial neural network

PNN:

Probabilistic neural network

BPNN:

Back propagation neural network

SPME-MS:

Solid-phase microextraction mass spectrometry

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613005, India

    Mrinmoy Roy & B. K. Yadav

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  1. Mrinmoy Roy
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  2. B. K. Yadav
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MR implemented the idea, collected the literature, analysed the content, and wrote the manuscript; BKY conceived the idea, supervised the work and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to B. K. Yadav.

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Roy, M., Yadav, B.K. Electronic nose for detection of food adulteration: a review. J Food Sci Technol 59, 846–858 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-021-05057-w

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