Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessment of metal pollution in the Anzali Wetland sediments using chemical partitioning method and pollution indices

  • Published:
Acta Oceanologica Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is of immense importance. Under various environment circumstances, the metal contents of sediments can enter into the overlying water body leading to severe toxicity. This study aims to determine metal concentrations in sediments of Anzali International Wetland in Iran. Chemical partitioning method is used to determine the portion of anthropogenic pollution and the mobility potential of each metal. The intensity of metal pollution in sediments of the wetland is assessed using three reliable indices. The results of chemical partitioning reveal that cadmium bear the highest risk of being released into the aquatic environment and high amount of manganese in sulfide bond phase implies the initiation of redox state in aquatic environment of the Anzali Wetland. The results of chemical partitioning studies show that Pb, Cd, Mn and As have the highest anthropogenic portion. Cluster analysis also confirms the results of chemical partitioning and indicates that the mentioned metals can be originated from anthropogenic sources. Sediment pollution indices, including, I geo, I POLL, and m-ERM-Q reveal that metals are in the range of low to moderate pollution and also show that the highest metal pollution is in the eastern and central parts of the wetland. This can be ascribed to rivers which are the recipient of industrial, agricultural and municipal wastewaters and flow into these parts of the wetland.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ayati B. 2003. Investigation of sanitary and industrial wastewater effects on Anzali Reserved Wetland (final report). Report presented to MAB-UNESCO by Environmental Engineering Division, Civil Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, 52

    Google Scholar 

  • Biati A, Karbassi A R, Keyhani Z. 2014. Origination and assessment of metal pollution in Qarechay River bed sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(7): 4289–4297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen H J M. 1979. Environmental Chemistry of the Elements. London, England: Academic Press, 333

    Google Scholar 

  • Caeiro S, Costa M H, Ramos T B, et al. 2005. Assessing heavy metal contamination in Sado Estuary sediment: an index analysis approach. Ecological Indicators, 5(2): 151–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra Sekhar K, Chary N S, Kamala C T, et al. 2004. Fractionation studies and bioaccumulation of sediment–bound heavy metals in Kolleru lake by edible fish. Environment International, 29(7): 1001–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chester R, Hughes M J. 1967. A chemical technique for the separation of ferro-manganese minerals, carbonate minerals and adsorbed trace elements from pelagic sediments. Chemical Geology, 2: 249–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darvish Bastami K, Bagheri H, Haghparast S, et al. 2012. Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of selected heavy metals in the surface sediments of the Gorgan Bay, Iran. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(12): 2877–2884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis J C. 1973. WIE Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc

    Google Scholar 

  • Devesa-Rey R, Díaz-Fierros F, Barral M T. 2010. Trace metals in river bed sediments: An assessment of their partitioning and bioavailability by using multivariate exploratory analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 91(12): 2471–2477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Toro D M, Mahony J D, Hansen D J, et al. 1990. Toxicity of cadmium in sediments: the role of acid volatile sulfide. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 9(12): 1487–1502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Agency. 1996. Method 3050B acid digestion of sediments, sludges, and soils. Washington, DC: USEPA

    Google Scholar 

  • Farsad F, Karbassi A, Monavari S M, et al. 2011. Development of a new pollution index for heavy metals in sediments. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(3): 1828–1842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gao Xuelu, Chen C T A. 2012. Heavy metal pollution status in surface sediments of the coastal Bohai Bay. Water Research, 46(6): 1901–1911

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs R J. 1973. Mechanisms of trace metal transport in rivers. Science, 180(4081): 71–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleyzes C, Tellier S, Astruc M. 2002. Fractionation studies of trace elements in contaminated soils and sediments: a review of sequential extraction procedures. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 21(6–7): 451–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höss S, Henschel T, Haitzer M, et al. 2001. Toxicity of cadmium to Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda) in whole sediment and pore waterthe ambiguous role of organic matter. Environmental Toxicology and Chemisty, 20(12): 2794–2801

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini Alhashemi A, Karbassi A R, Hasanzadeh Kiabi B, et al. 2011. Accumulation and bioaccessibility of trace elements in wetland sediments. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(9): 1625–1636

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini Alhashemi A, Sekhavatjou M S, Hassanzadeh Kiabi B, et al. 2012. Bioaccumulation of trace elements in water, sediment, and six fish species from a freshwater wetland, Iran. Microchemical Journal, 104: 1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamshidi-Zanjani A, Saeedi M. 2013. Metal pollution assessment and multivariate analysis in sediment of Anzali international wetland. Environmental Earth Sciences, 70(4): 1791–1808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • JICA. 2004. The Study on Integrated Management for Ecosystem Conservation of the Anzali Wetland. Tokyo: Nippon Koei Co, Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R. 1996. Geochemistry of Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Cd, V, Mn, Fe, Al, and Ca in sediments of North Western part of the Persian gulf. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 54(3–4): 205–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R, Amirnezhad R. 2004. Geochemistry of heavy metals and sedimentation rate in a bay adjacent to the Caspian Sea. International Journal of Science & Technology, 1(3): 191–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R, Bayati I, Moattar F. 2006. Origin and chemical partitioning of heavy metals in riverbed sediments. International Journal of Science & Technology, 3(1): 35–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R, Fakhraee M, Heidari M, et al. 2015. Dissolved and particulate trace metal geochemistry during mixing of Karganrud River with Caspian Sea water. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8(4): 2143–2151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R, Monavari S M, Nabi Bidhendi G R, et al. 2008. Metal pollution Assessment of sediment and water in the Shur River. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 147(1–3): 107–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karbassi A R, Nabi-Bidhendi G R, Bayati I. 2005. Environmental Geochemistry of heavy metals in a sediment core off Bushehr, Persian gulf. Iranian Journal of Environmental Health, Science and Engineering, 2(4): 255–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Khosheghbal M Z, Charkhabi A H, Sharifi F, et al. 2013. An investigation of sediment pollution in the Anzali wetland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(1): 283–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Khoshnood Z, Mokhlesi A, Khoshnood R. 2010. Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals and histopathological alterations in liver of Euryglossa orientalis and Psettodes erumei along north coast of the Persian Gulf. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(41): 6966–6972

    Google Scholar 

  • Long E R, Macdonald D D, Severn C G, et al. 2000. Classifying the probabilities of acute toxicity in marine sediments with empirically derived sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19(10): 2598–2601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long E R, Macdonald D D, Smith S L, et al. 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental Management, 19(1): 81–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mashiatullah A, Chaudhary M Z, Ahmad N, et al. 2013. Metal pollution and ecological risk assessment in marine sediments of Karachi Coast, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(2): 1555–1565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Barbosa A, Gutiérrez-Galindo E A, Daesslé L W, et al. 2012. Relationship between metal enrichments and a biological adverse effects index in sediments from Todos Santos Bay, northwest coast of Baja California, México. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(2): 405–409

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller G. 1981. Die Schwermetallbelastung der sedimente des Neckars und seiner Nebenflusse: eine Bestandsaufnahme. Chemical Zeitung, 105: 157–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasrabadi T, Nabi Bidhendi G, Karbassi A, et al. 2010. Evaluating the efficiency of sediment metal pollution indices in interpreting the pollution of Haraz River sediments, southern Caspian Sea basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 171(1–4): 395–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Padro R, Barrado E, Lourdes P, et al. 1990. Determination and speciation of heavy metals in the sediments of the Pisuerga river. Water Research, 24(3): 373–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purushothaman P, Chakrapani G J. 2007. Heavy metals fractionation in Ganga river sediments, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 132(1–3): 475–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ra K, Kim E S, Kim K T, et al. 2013. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and its ecological risk in the surface sediments along the coast of Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 65(S): 105–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakan S M, Đorđević D S, Manojlović D D, et al. 2009. Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(11): 3382–3390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakar S, Bhusan Ghosh P, Kumar Sil A, et al. 2011. Heavy metal pollution assessment through comparison of different indices in sewage–fed fishery pond sediments at East Kolkata Wetland, India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 63(5): 915–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salehi F, Abdoli M A, Baghdadi M. 2014. Source of Cu, V, Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, Ca, and Fe in soil of Aradkooh landfill. International Journal of Environmental Research, 8(3): 543–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Sekabria K, Oryem Origa H, Basamba T A, et al. 2010. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in the urban stream sediments and its tributaries. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 7(3): 435–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharmin S H, Zakir H M, Shikazono N. 2010. Fractionation profile and mobility pattern of trace metals in sediments of Nomi River, Tokyo, Japan. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management, 1(1): 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava S K, Banerjee D K. 2004. Speciation of metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 152(1–4): 219–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tessier A, Campell P G C, Bisson M. 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for the Speciation of partition of particulate trace metals. Analytical Chemistry, 51(7): 844–851

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varol M. 2011. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Tigris river (turkey) using pollution indices and multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 195: 355–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaezi A R, Karbassi A R, Fakhraee M. 2015a. Assessing the trace metal pollution in the sediments of Mahshahr Bay, Persian Gulf, via a novel pollution index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187: 613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaezi A R, Karbassi A R, Valavi S, et al. 2015b. Ecological risk assessment of metals contamination in the sediment of the Bamdezh wetland, Iran. International Journal of Science and Technology, 12(3): 951–958

    Google Scholar 

  • Vesali Naseh M R, Karbassi A R, Ghazaban F, et al. 2012. Evaluation of heavy metal pollution in Anzali wetland, Guilan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 5(15): 565–576

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Shaofeng, Jia Yongfeng, Wang Xhuying, et al. 2010. Fractionation of heavy metals in shallow marine sediments from Jinzhou Bay, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22(1): 23–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Yongqiang, Chen Fanrong, Zhang Ling, et al. 2012. Comprehensive assessment of heavy metal contamination in sediment of the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent shelf. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64(9): 1947–1955

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zamani Hargalani F, Karbassi A, Monavari S M, et al. 2014. A novel pollution index based on the bioavailability of elements: a study on Anzali wetland bed sediments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(4): 2329–2348

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1477893855, Iran

    Marjan Esmaeilzadeh & Faramarz Moattar

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417853111, Iran

    Abdolreza Karbassi

Authors
  1. Marjan Esmaeilzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdolreza Karbassi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Faramarz Moattar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdolreza Karbassi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Esmaeilzadeh, M., Karbassi, A. & Moattar, F. Assessment of metal pollution in the Anzali Wetland sediments using chemical partitioning method and pollution indices. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 35, 28–36 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0920-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-016-0920-z

Key words

Search

Navigation