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Assessment of groundwater quality of Lakshimpur district of Bangladesh using water quality indices, geostatistical methods, and multivariate analysis

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Abstract

Groundwater evaluation indices, multivariate statistical techniques, and geostatistical models are applied to assess the source apportionment and spatial variability of groundwater pollutants at the Lakshimpur district of Bangladesh. A total of 70 groundwater samples have been collected from wells (shallow to deep wells, i.e., 10–375 m) from the study area. Groundwater quality index reveals that 50 % of the water samples belong to good-quality water. The degrees of contamination, heavy metal pollution index, and heavy metal evaluation index present diversified results in samples even though they show significant correlations among them. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) show that groundwater quality in the study area mainly has geogenic (weathering and geochemical alteration of source rock) sources followed by anthropogenic source (agrogenic, domestic sewage, etc.). Cluster analysis and correlation matrix also supported the results of PCA. The Gaussian semivariogram models have been tested as the best fit models for most of the water quality indices and PCA components. The results of semivariogram models have shown that most of the variables have weak spatial dependence, indicating agricultural and residential/domestic influences. The spatial distribution maps of water quality parameters have provided a useful and robust visual tool for decision makers toward defining adaptive measures. This study is an implication to show the multiple approaches for quality assessment and spatial variability of groundwater as an effort toward a more effective groundwater quality management.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka. The authors gratefully acknowledge the authority of the Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh, for logistic supports for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Amir Hossain Bhuiyan & Md. Bodrud-Doza

  2. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam

  3. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam & M. A. Rakib

  4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Dalhouise University, Halifax, NS, B3J 1Z1, Canada

    M. Safiur Rahman

  5. Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    M. Safiur Rahman

  6. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Mohammad Amir Hossain Bhuiyan & A. L. Ramanathan

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  1. Mohammad Amir Hossain Bhuiyan
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Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A.R.M.T. et al. Assessment of groundwater quality of Lakshimpur district of Bangladesh using water quality indices, geostatistical methods, and multivariate analysis. Environ Earth Sci 75, 1020 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5823-y

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