Abstract
Looming drug resistance cases of leishmaniasis infection are an undeniably serious danger to worldwide public health, also jeopardize the efficacy of available drugs. Besides this, no successful vaccine is available till date. Since the ancient era, many plants and their parts have been used as medicines against various ailments. Hence, the importance of drug development for new molecules against Leishmania infection is significant that is a cost-effective and safer drug preferably from the natural herbal resources. We evaluated the GC–MS screening and efficacy of Putranjiva roxburghii (PR) against the sensitive and resistant promastigotes of L. donovani. GC–MS profiling revealed that the extract was rich in myo-inositol-4-C-methyl, azulene and desulphosinigrin. Quantitative investigation of phytoconstituents confirmed that PR was rich in phenols, flavonoids and terpenoids. We found an IC50 25.61 ± 0.57 µg/mL and 29.02 ± 1.21 µg/mL of PR against sodium stibogluconate sensitive and resistant strain respectively. It was found to be safer in cytotoxicity assay and generated ROS mediated oxidative stress in the parasitic cells which was evidenced by the increased and decreased levels of superoxide radicals, lipid peroxidation products, lipid bodies and levels of thiol, plasma membrane integrity respectively. Therefore, our results support the importance of P. roxburghii as a medicinal plant against L. donovani and showed potential for exploration as an antileishmanial agent.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Department of Botany, Panjab University Chandigarh for identifying the plant material. Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facilities (SAIF)/Central Instrumentation Laboratory (CIL), Panjab University, Chandigarh is acknowledged for GC-MS analysis.
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This work was financially supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi under UGC-JRF/SRF Fellowship (3643/NET-DEC.2012) and UGC-CAS (F.4–28/2015/CAS-II) (SAP-II).
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PK and DKG carried out the experimental work and wrote the manuscript. PK, DKG, and SK designed the study. SK supervised the experimental study and reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Keshav, P., Goyal, D.K. & Kaur, S. GC–MS screening and antiparasitic action of Putranjiva roxburghii leaves against sensitive and resistant strains of Leishmania donovani. J Parasit Dis 45, 1002–1013 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-021-01388-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-021-01388-9