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Enhancing electrochemical performances of small quinone toward lithium and sodium energy storage

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Abstract

Further application of organic quinone cathodes is restricted because they are inherent in poor conductivity and tend to dissolve in aprotic electrolytes. Salinization can work on the strong solubility of quinones. Herein, the ortho-disodium salt of tetrahydroxyquinone (o-Na2THBQ) was selected to promote the electrochemical properties of tetrahydroxyquinone (THBQ). Reduced dissolution of o-Na2THBQ in electrolyte after salinization (replacement of two H with two Na) contributed to enhanced electrochemical performance. In sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) in ester-based electrolyte, o-Na2THBQ cathodes at 50 mA·g−1 exhibited a reversible discharge capacity of 107 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles. Ulteriorly, in ether-based electrolyte, reversible discharge capacities of 200.4, 102.2, 99.5 and 88 mAh·g−1 were obtained at 800, 1600, 3200 and 4800 mA·g−1 after 1000, 2000, 5000 and 8000 cycles, respectively. The ultraviolet absorption spectra and ex situ dissolution experiments of THBQ and o-Na2THBQ showed that o-Na2THBQ hardly dissolved in ether-based electrolyte. In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), graphene was selected to further enhance the conductivity of o-Na2THBQ. At 50 mA·g−1, o-Na2THBQ and o-Na2THBQ/Gr cathodes exhibited reversible discharge capacities of 124 and 131.5 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles in ester-based electrolyte, respectively. At 50 mA·g−1, PTPAn/o-Na2THBQ electrodes in an all-organic Na/Li-ion battery showed reversible charge/discharge capacities of 51/50.3 and 33.8/33.1 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles.

Graphical abstract

摘要

有机醌类正极材料的进一步应用因其导电性差和易溶于有机电解液两个缺点受到了限制。本文选择四羟基苯醌邻二钠盐(o-Na2THBQ)(邻位的两H原子被两个Na原子取代)来提升四羟基苯醌(THBQ)的电化学性能。盐化后的o-Na2THBQ在有机电解液中的溶解性有所降低, 进而拥有较高的电化学性能。在钠离子电池酯基电解液中, o-Na2THBQ在50 mA·g−1电流密度下循环200圈后表现出了107 mAh·g−1的可逆放电比容量。进一步地, 在醚基电解液中, 在800, 1600, 3200和4800大电流密度下分别循环1000, 2000, 5000和8000圈后分别表现出了200.4, 102.2, 99.5和88 mAh·g−1的可逆放电比容量。非原位溶解性实验和紫外光谱图表明o-Na2THBQ在醚基电解液中几乎不溶解。在锂离子电池中酯基电解液中, 通过与石墨烯(Gr)的复合来进一步提升材料的电化学性能。在50 mA·g−1电流密度下循环200圈后, o-Na2THBQ and o-Na2THBQ/Gr分别表现出124和131.5 mAh·g−1的可逆放电比容量。在全有机锂/钠离子电池中50 mA·g−1电流密度下, PTPAn/o-Na2THBQ电极循环200圈后表现出了51/50.3 和 33.8/33.1 mAh·g−1的可逆放电比容量。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, China (Nos. 21773057, 21773057, 52071132 and U1904216), Zhongyuan Thousand People Plan-Zhongyuan Youth Talent Support Program (in Science and Technology), China (No. ZYQR201810139), the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology, China (No. 2020ZKCJ04), Fundamental Research Funds for Henan Provincial Colleges and Universities in Henan University of Technology, China (No. 2018RCJH01), and the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province, China (No. 212102210215).

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  1. Li-Min Zhu and Guo-Chun Ding have contributed equally to this work.

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  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Li-Min Zhu, Guo-Chun Ding, Qing Han, Yong-Xia Miao, Xin Li, Xin-Li Yang & Xiao-Yu Cao

  2. Key Laboratory of High Specific Energy Materials for Electrochemical Power Sources of Zhengzhou City, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Li-Min Zhu, Guo-Chun Ding, Qing Han, Yong-Xia Miao, Xin Li, Xin-Li Yang & Ling-Ling Xie

  3. School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Ling-Ling Xie

  4. College of Chemical and Printing-Dyeing Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450007, China

    Lei Chen

  5. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Gong-Ke Wang

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Zhu, LM., Ding, GC., Han, Q. et al. Enhancing electrochemical performances of small quinone toward lithium and sodium energy storage. Rare Met. 41, 425–437 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01813-1

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