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Toward superior lithium/sodium storage performance: design and construction of novel TiO2-based anode materials

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Abstract

TiO2-based materials have been considered as one of most promising alternatives for high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries because of the low cost, simple composition, easy synthesis, good environmental protection, excellent safety and relatively high specific capacity. Nonetheless, the inferior electronic conductivity and poor ion diffusion coefficients are the biggest bottlenecks that restrict the popular application. Much effort has been focused on resolving these problems toward large-scale applications, and numerous significant advances have been accomplished. In the present work, a comprehensive overview of structure characteristics, electrochemical reaction mechanism and modification strategies of TiO2-based materials was presented. The recent advances of various efficient ways for improving conductivity, Li(Na) storage capacity, rate capability and cycle stability are systematically summarized, including surface engineering, constructing composite and element doping, etc. Constructing TiO2-based materials with novel porous heterogeneous core–shell structures have been regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve these challenges. Finally, the future research directions and development prospects of TiO2-based anode materials used in the manufacture of high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries are prospected. This review can provide important comprehension for the construction and optimization of high-performance of TiO2-based anode materials.

摘要

TiO2 基材料因其成本低、组成简单、易合成、环保、安全性好、相对较高的比容量等优点, 被认为是高性能锂(钠)离子电池最有希望的替代材料之一。然而, 较低的电子电导率和较差的离子扩散系数是限制其广泛应用的最大瓶颈。为了解决这些大规模应用问题, 人们付出了大量的努力, 并取得了许多重大进展。本文综述了TiO2 基材料的结构特点、电化学反应机理和性能改性策略, 系统总结了近年来提高电导率、储锂(钠)容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性的各种有效途径, 包括表面工程、构建复合材料和元素掺杂等。其中, 构建新型多孔异质核壳结构的TiO2 基材料被认为是解决这些挑战的最有效途径之一。最后, 展望了用于高性能锂(钠)离子电池用TiO2 基负极材料的未来研究方向和发展前景。本文为高性能TiO2 基负极材料的构建和优化提供了重要的参考依据。

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Fig. 1

Reproduced with permission from Ref.[32]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry). d TiO2-B (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [46]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society). Cyclic voltammetry curves of rutile TiO2: e Li-ion storage properties and f Na-ion storage properties. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. CV profiles for anatase TiO2: g lithium storage (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [47]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier); h sodium storage (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [49]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier). Cyclic voltammograms of TiO2-B for rechargeable i LIBs (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [48]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier) and j SIBs (Reproduced with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry)

Fig. 2

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier. f Schematic diagram of synthesis process for CCAnTHS composite, g rate capability of AmTSSs, AnTHSs, and CCAnTHSs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. h Schematic diagram of synthesis process for meso-ATCCNs; i rate performance of meso-ATCCNs, meso-TNs, and bulk TiO2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [85]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. j Schematic diagram of synthesis process for TiO2/C composites and k rate performance of TiO2/C-900. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [97]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 3

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [103]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier. c Schematic diagram of synthesis for NTiO2@NC; d rate capability of NTiO2@NC. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [104]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier. e Preparation process of TiO2@HCNs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [105]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. f Long-life cycling performance of TSPC. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [109]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry

Fig. 4

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [115]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. c SEM image of TiO2 MCs; d rate performance of LiFePO4/TiO2 MCs@CNTs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. e Rate performance and f cycling stability of commercial TiO2, MTO, and MTO/MWCNT. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [116]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. g SEM image of CNT-TiO2 NS; h rate capability of CNT-TiO2 NS and TiO2 NP. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [58]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier

Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [122]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. c TEM image of TiO2@rGO; d cycle performance of TiO2@rGO. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. e Schematic illustration of synthesis process and f TEM image of TNGC. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [131]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. g Synthesis diagram of TiO2/GNRs. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [132]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier

Fig. 6

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [133]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. c SEM, d TEM images and e schematic diagram of possible growth mechanism for TiO2/GA. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [135]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. f Schematic illustration of formation process and g cycling performance of TiO2@N-G. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [137]. Copyright 2015 Elsevier

Fig. 7

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [143]. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society. c Preparation procedure of TiO2@ZnO array; d cycling capability of TiO2, ZnO and TiO2@ZnO. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [149]. Copyright 2015, Elsevier. e Schematic diagram of Li insertion/extraction mechanism for porous TiO2@Sn3O4. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [151]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. f Schematic illustration of forming process for TiO2@α-Fe2O3; g rate capability of TiO2, TFN and α-Fe2O3. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [152]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society

Fig. 8

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [157]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. c Schematic illustration of forming process for TN@MNAs; d rate performance of TN@MNAs, TN@MNAs-1 TN@MNAs-2 and TN@MNAs-3. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [158]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. e Schematic diagram of TiO2@MoS2 composites; f cycling capability of TiO2@MoS2, MoS2 and TiO2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [159]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. g Schematic diagram of pristine SnS2, BST-1 and BST-2 composites; h cycling capability of SnS2, BST-1 and BST-2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [160]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier

Fig. 9

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [164]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. c Cycle performances and d rate performances of pure TiO2 and Co-doped TiO2 samples. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [165]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. e Schematic diagrams of insertion/extraction processes of Li ion of TiO2 fiber, HTFSs and Mn- HTFSs; f cycle performance of TiO2 fiber and Mn-HTFSs samples. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [167]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier. g Schematic illustration and h rate capability of TiO2−δ, TiO2-200 and TiO2-400. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [169]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society

Fig. 10

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [172]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. c Synthetic procedure for Nb-doped TiO2, d cycle property of Nb-doped TiO2 samples. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [178]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. e Cycling performances of MTO and TO. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [182]. Copyright 2016, Elsevier. f Cycling stability of TiO2, I/S–TiO2 and I–TiO2 anodes. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [184]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. g Rate performances of N–TiO2 and commercial TiO2. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [188]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51774002), the Key Program for International S&T Cooperation Projects of China (No. 2017YFE0124300) and the “333 Talent Project” of Hebei Province (No. A202005018).

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  1. Pan-Pan Peng and Yu-Rong Wu have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Pan-Pan Peng, Xue-Zhong Li & Ting-Feng Yi

  2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China

    Jun-Hong Zhang

  3. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China

    Yu-Rong Wu & Ping Cui

  4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA

    Yan-Wei Li

  5. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Yan-Wei Li

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  1. Pan-Pan Peng
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  2. Yu-Rong Wu
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  4. Jun-Hong Zhang
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Correspondence to Jun-Hong Zhang, Ping Cui or Ting-Feng Yi.

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Peng, PP., Wu, YR., Li, XZ. et al. Toward superior lithium/sodium storage performance: design and construction of novel TiO2-based anode materials. Rare Met. 40, 3049–3075 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01742-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01742-z

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