Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Room temperature ferromagnetism of boron-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal method

  • Published:
Rare Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, B-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by template-free solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that B-doped ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal wurtzite structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy observations show that the nanoparticles have a diameter of 50 nm. The room temperature ferromagnetism increases monotonically with increasing B concentration to the ZnO nanoparticles and reaches the maximum value of saturation magnetization 0.0178 A·m2·kg−1 for 5 % B-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, photoluminescence spectra reveal that B doping causes to produce Zn vacancies (VZn). Magnetic moment of oxygen atoms nearest to the B-VZn vacancy pairs can be considered as a source of ferromagnetism for B-doped ZnO nanoparticles.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jeong IS, Kim JH, Im S. Ultraviolet-enhanced photodiode employing n-ZnO/p-Si structure. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;83(14):2946.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghosh S, Sih V, Lau WH, Awschalom DD, Bae SY, Wang S, Vaidya S, Chapline G. Room-temperature spin coherence in ZnO. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;86(23):232507.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Jiang X, Wong FL, Fung MK, Lee ST. Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films as transparent conductive electrode for organic light-emitting devices. Appl Phys Lett. 2003;83(9):1875.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ohno H, Munekata H, Penney T, Molnár SV, Chang LL. Magnetotransport properties of p-type (In, Mn)As diluted magnetic III–V semiconductors. Phys Rev Lett. 1992;68(17):2664.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Coey JMD, Venkatesan M, Fitzgerald CB. Donor impurity band exchange in dilute ferromagnetic oxides. Nature Mater. 2005;4(2):173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Dietl T, Ohno H, Matsukura F, Cibert, Ferrand D. Zener model description of ferromagnetism in zinc-blende magnetic semiconductors. Science. 2000;287(5455):1019.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Xu Q, Schmidt H, Zhou S, Potzger K, Helm M, Hochmuth H, Lorenz M, Setzer A, Esquinazi P, Meinecke C, Grundmann M. Room temperature ferromagnetism in ZnO films due to defects. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92(8):082508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sundaresan A, Bhargavi R, Rangarajan N, Siddesh U, Rao CNR. Ferromagnetism as a universal feature of nanoparticles of the otherwise nonmagnetic oxides. Phys Rev B. 2006;74(16):161306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Banerjee S, Mandal M, Gayathri N, Sardar M. Enhancement of ferromagnetism upon thermal annealing in pure ZnO. Appl Phys Lett. 2007;91(18):182501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wang Q, Sun Q, Chen G, Kawazoe Y, Jena P. Vacancy-induced magnetism in ZnO thin films and nanowires. Phys Rev B. 2008;77(20):205411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hong NH, Sakai J, Brizé V. Observation of ferromagnetism at room temperature in ZnO thin films. J Phys Condens Matter. 2007;19(3):036219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yan Z, Ma Y, Wang D, Wang J, Gao Z, Wang L, Yu P, Song T. Impact of annealing on morphology and ferromagnetism of ZnO nanorods. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92(8):081911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kim D, Yang J, Hong J. Ferromagnetism induced by Zn vacancy defect and lattice distortion in ZnO. J Appl Phys. 2009;106(1):013908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sato K, Yoshida HK. Material design for transparent ferromagnets with ZnO-based magnetic semiconductors. Jpn J Appl Phys. 2000;39(6B):L555.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Walsh A, Da Silva JLF, Wei SH. Theoretical description of carrier mediated magnetism in cobalt doped ZnO. Phys Rev Lett. 2008;100(25):256401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Chandran SR, Narayan J, Prater JT. Effect of oxygen annealing on Mn doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88(24):242503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Potzger K, Zhou S, Reuther H, Mücklich A, Eichhorn F, Schell N, Skorupa W, Helm M, Fassbender J, Herrmannsdörfer T, Papageorgiou TP. Fe implanted ferromagnetic ZnO. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88(5):052508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Liu XC, Shi EW, Chen ZZ, Zhang HW, Xiao B, Song LX. High-temperature ferromagnetism in (Co, Al)-codoped ZnO powders. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88(25):252503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Philipose U, Nair SV, Trudel S, de Souza CF, Aouba S, Hill RH, Ruda HE. High-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped ZnO nanowires. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88(26):263101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Xu XH, Blythe HJ, Ziese M, Behan AJ, Neal JR, Mokhtari A, Ibrahim RM, Fox AM, Gehring GA. Carrier-induced ferromagnetism in n-type ZnMnAlO and ZnCoAlO thin films at room temperature. New J Phys. 2006;8(8):135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Yang H, Xu X, Zhang G, Miao J, Zhang X, Wu S, Jiang Y. Effect of defect complex on magnetic properties of (Fe, Mn)-doped ZnO thin films. Rare Met. 2012;31(2):154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Heald SM, Kaspar T, Droubay T, Shutthanandan V, Chambers S, Mokhtari A, Behan AJ, Blythe HJ, Neal JR, Fox AM, Gehring GA. X-ray absorption fine structure and magnetization characterization of the metallic Co component in Co-doped ZnO thin films. Phys Rev B. 2009;79(7):075202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pan H, Yi JB, Shen L, Wu RQ, Yang JH, Jin JY, Feng YP, Ding J, Van LH, Yin JH. Room-temperature ferromagnetism in carbon-doped ZnO. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99(12):127201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wu K, Xu X, Yang H, Zhang J, Miao J, Jiang Y. Effect of annealing atmosphere on magnetic properties of pure ZnO and Na: ZnO films. Rare Met. 2012;31(1):27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu XJ, Song C, Pan F. Donor defects enhanced ferromagnetism in Co: ZnO films. Thin Solid Films. 2008;516(23):8757.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Xu XG, Yang HL, Wu Y, Zhang DL, Wu SZ, Miao J, Jiang Y, Qin XB, Cao XZ, Wang BY. Intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism in boron-doped ZnO. Appl Phys Lett. 2010;97(23):232502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Meng X, Zhao D, Shen D, Zhang J, Li B, Wang X, Fan X. ZnO nanorod arrays grown under different pressures and their photoluminescence properties. J Lumin. 2007;122–123:766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Le HQ, Chua SJ, Koh YW, Loh KP, Fitzgerald EA. Systematic studies of the epitaxial growth of single-crystal ZnO nanorods on GaN using hydrothermal synthesis. J Cryst Growth. 2006;36(1):293.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Samanta PK, Patra SK, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri PR. Visible emission from ZnO nanorods synthesized by a simple wet chemical method. Int J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2009;1(1–2):89.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hofmann DM, Pfisterer D, Sann J, Meyer BK, Zaera RT, Sanjose VM, Frank T, Pensl G. Properties of the oxygen vacancy in ZnO. Appl Phys A. 2007;88(1):147.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gao L, Zhang Y, Zhang JM, Xu KW. Boron doped ZnO thin films fabricated by RF-magnetron sputtering. Appl Surf Sci. 2011;257(7):2498.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50831002, 51271020, 51071022, and 11174031), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT1106), Beijing Nova Program (No. 2011031), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No. 2102032), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    M. Hassan Farooq, Xiao-Guang Xu, Hai-Ling Yang, Cong-Jun Ran, Jun Miao & Yong Jiang

  2. Department of Physics, School of Applied Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    M. Zubair Iqbal

Authors
  1. M. Hassan Farooq
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiao-Guang Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hai-Ling Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cong-Jun Ran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jun Miao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Zubair Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yong Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiao-Guang Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Farooq, M.H., Xu, XG., Yang, HL. et al. Room temperature ferromagnetism of boron-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal method. Rare Met. 32, 264–268 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-013-0058-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-013-0058-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation