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Utilizing Additive Friction Stir Processing to Fabricate B4C Reinforced Ti–6Al–4V Matrix Surface Composite: Microstructure Refinement and Enhancement in Mechanical Properties

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Abstract

Ti–6Al–4V/B4C surface composite, having uniform dispersion of reinforcement, was successfully fabricated via additive friction stir processing (AFSP) technique. The chemical reaction between B4C particles and Ti matrix resulted in the formation of intermetallics like TiBX and TiC. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction were carried out to investigate the influence of FSP, B4C reinforcement and post-FSP heat treatment on microstructure evolution. Microhardness, Charpy impact and pin on disc wear tests were performed to examine mechanical and wear properties. Fully β transformed microstructure composed of basket-weave lamellar α/β together with the needle-like ultrafine martensite α′ was observed in FSPed stir zone. B4C particles brought about additional microstructure refinement by pinning prior β grain boundaries (Zener pinning) and enhancing the nucleation rate (particle stimulated nucleation). Surface composites fabricated via AFSP exhibited higher hardness, wear-resistance and impact toughness compared to the base metal Ti–6Al–4V and FSPed Ti–6Al–4V.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge National Facility for Texture and OIM (A DST-IRPHA project), IIT Mumbai for XRD and EBSD measurements. The authors would like to thank reviewer(s) and editor for their constructive criticism(s) regarding our work, which has indeed helped us to improve the manuscript significantly. One of the authors VDH would like to acknowledge the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) for financial assistance (EEQ/2016/000422) to carry out project work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT (DU)), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411025, India

    H. A. Deore, J. Mishra & V. D. Hiwarkar

  2. Naval Material Research Laboratory (NMRL), Ministry of Defence, Ambarnath, 414006, India

    A. G. Rao & B. D. Bhanushali

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  1. H. A. Deore
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  2. J. Mishra
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  3. A. G. Rao
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  4. B. D. Bhanushali
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  5. V. D. Hiwarkar
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Correspondence to V. D. Hiwarkar.

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Deore, H.A., Mishra, J., Rao, A.G. et al. Utilizing Additive Friction Stir Processing to Fabricate B4C Reinforced Ti–6Al–4V Matrix Surface Composite: Microstructure Refinement and Enhancement in Mechanical Properties. Met. Mater. Int. 28, 322–335 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01094-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-021-01094-4

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