Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Porous Pt/Ag nanoparticles with excellent multifunctional enzyme mimic activities and antibacterial effects

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Nano Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Enhancing the activity of Pt-based nanocatalysts is of great significance yet a challenge for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, a series of porous Pt/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated from regular Pt x Ag100–x (x = 25, 50, 75) octahedra by a facile and economical dealloying process. Remarkable enhancement in multiple enzyme-mimic activities related to ORR was observed for the dealloyed Pt50Ag50 (D-Pt50Ag50) NPs. This effect can be attributed to the resulting Pt-rich surface structure, increased surface area, and a synergistic effect of Pt and Ag atoms in the D-Pt50Ag50 NPs. Furthermore, the D-Pt50Ag50 NPs exerted excellent antibacterial effects on two model bacteria (gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus). The present work represents a significant advance in the exploration of the relation between controllable synthesis of high-quality nanoalloys and their novel catalytic properties for various promising applications, including catalysts, biosensors, and biomedicine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liang, Y. Y.; Li, Y. G.; Wang, H. L.; Zhou, J. G.; Wang, J.; Regier, T.; Dai, H. J. Co3O4 nanocrystals on graphene as a synergistic catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 780–786.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Cui, C.-H.; Li, H.-H.; Yu, J.-W.; Gao, M.-R.; Yu, S.-H. Ternary heterostructured nanoparticle tubes: A dual catalyst and its synergistic enhancement effects for O2/H2O2 reduction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9149–9152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Suntivich, J.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Yabuuchi, N.; Nakanishi, H.; Goodenough, J. B.; Shao-Horn, Y. Design principles for oxygen-reduction activity on perovskite oxide catalysts for fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Nat. Chem. 2011, 3, 546–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zhang, L.; Roling, L. T.; Wang, X.; Vara, M.; Chi, M. F.; Liu, J. Y.; Choi, S. I.; Park, J.; Herron, J. A.; Xie, Z. X. et al. Platinum-based nanocages with subnanometer-thick walls and well-defined, controllable facets. Science 2015, 349, 412–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wu, J. B.; Zhang, J. L.; Peng, Z. M.; Yang, S. C.; Wagner, F. T.; Yang, H. Truncated octahedral Pt3Ni oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4984–4985.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Adzic, R. R.; Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Vukmirovic, M. B.; Shao, M.; Wang, J. X.; Nilekar, A. U.; Mavrikakis, M.; Valerio, J. A.; Uribe, F. Platinum monolayer fuel cell electrocatalysts. Top. Catal. 2007, 46, 249–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Sasaki, K.; Adzic, R. R. Monolayer-level Ru- and NbO2- supported platinum electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2008, 155, B180–B186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sasaki, K.; Zhang, L.; Adzic, R. R. Niobium oxide-supported platinum ultra-low amount electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2008, 10, 159–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Stamenkovic, V.; Markovic, N. M.; Ross, P. N. Structure-relationships in electrocatalysis: Oxygen reduction and hydrogen oxidation reactions on Pt(111) and Pt(100) in solutions containing chloride ions. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001, 500, 44–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Stamenkovic, V. R.; Fowler, B.; Mun, B. S.; Wang, G. F.; Ross, P. N.; Lucas, C. A.; Markovic, N. M. Improved oxygen reduction activity on Pt3Ni(111) via increased surface site availability. Science 2007, 315, 493–497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yano, H.; Kataoka, M.; Yamashita, H.; Uchida, H.; Watanabe, M. Oxygen reduction activity of carbon-supported Pt-M (M = V, Ni, Cr, Co, and Fe) alloys prepared by nanocapsule method. Langmuir 2007, 23, 6438–6445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Markovic, N. M.; Ross, P. N., Jr. Surface science studies of model fuel cell electrocatalysts. Surf. Sci. Rep. 2002, 45, 117–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Gu, J.; Lan, G. X.; Jiang, Y. Y.; Xu, Y. S.; Zhu, W.; Jin, C. H.; Zhang, Y. W. Shaped Pt-Ni nanocrystals with an ultrathin Pt-enriched shell derived from one-pot hydrothermal synthesis as active electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 1480–1496.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Deogratias, N.; Ji, M. W.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J. J.; Zhang, J. T.; Zhu, H. S. Core@shell sub-ten-nanometer noble metal nanoparticles with a controllable thin Pt shell and their catalytic activity towards oxygen reduction. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 271–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Mani, P.; Srivastava, R.; Strasser, P. Dealloyed binary PtM3 (M = Cu, Co, Ni) and ternary PtNi3M (M = Cu, Co, Fe, Cr) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Performance in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 666–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Oezaslan, M.; Strasser, P. Activity of dealloyed PtCo3 and PtCu3 nanoparticle electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. J. Power Sources 2011, 196, 5240–5249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Strasser, P.; Koh, S.; Anniyev, T.; Greeley, J.; More, K.; Yu, C. F.; Liu, Z. C.; Kaya, S.; Nordlund, D.; Ogasawara, H. et al. Lattice-strain control of the activity in dealloyed core–shell fuel cell catalysts. Nat. Chem. 2010, 2, 454–460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cui, C. H.; Li, H.-H.; Liu, X.-J.; Gao, M.-R.; Yu, S.-H. Surface composition and lattice ordering-controlled activity and durability of CuPt electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. ACS Catal. 2012, 2, 916–924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu, Z. Y.; Xin, H. L.; Yu, Z. Q.; Zhu, Y.; Zhang, J. L.; Mundy, J. A.; Muller, D. A.; Wagner, F. T. Atomic-scale compositional mapping and 3-dimensional electron microscopy of dealloyed PtCo3 catalyst nanoparticles with spongy multicore/ shell structures. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2012, 159, F554–F559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. He, D. S.; He, D. P.; Wang, J.; Lin, Y.; Yin, P. Q.; Hong, X.; Wu, Y.; Li, Y. D. Ultrathin icosahedral Pt-enriched nanocage with excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 1494–1497.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Guo, S. J.; Li, D. G.; Zhu, H. Y.; Zhang, S.; Markovic, N. M.; Stamenkovic, V. R.; Sun, S. H. FePt and CoPt nanowires as efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3465–3468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang, D. L.; Yu, Y. C.; Xin, H. L.; Hovden, R.; Ercius, P.; Mundy, J. A.; Chen, H.; Richard, J. H.; Muller, D. A.; DiSalvo, F. J. et al. Tuning oxygen reduction reaction activity via controllable dealloying: A model study of ordered Cu3Pt/C intermetallic nanocatalysts. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5230–5238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wu, Y. E.; Cai, S. F.; Wang, D. S.; He, W.; Li, Y. D. Syntheses of water-soluble octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cubic Pt-Ni nanocrystals and their structure-activity study in model hydrogenation reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 8975–8981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cui, C. H.; Gan, L.; Li, H. H.; Yu, S. H.; Heggen, M.; Strasser, P. Octahedral PtNi nanoparticle catalysts: Exceptional oxygen reduction activity by tuning the alloy particle surface composition. Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 5885–5889.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wang, Y.; Wan, D. H.; Xie, S. F.; Xia, X. H.; Huang, C. Z.; Xia, Y. N. Synthesis of silver octahedra with controlled sizes and optical properties via seed-mediated growth. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 4586–4594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Chang, C.-C.; Wu, H.-L.; Kuo, C.-H.; Huang, M. H. Hydrothermal synthesis of monodispersed octahedral gold nanocrystals with five different size ranges and their selfassembled structures. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 7570–7574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhu, E. B.; Li, Y. J.; Chiu, C.-Y.; Huang, X. Q.; Li, M. F.; Zhao, Z. P.; Liu, Y.; Duan, X. F.; Huang, Y. In situ development of highly concave and composition-confined PtNi octahedral with high oxygen reduction reaction activity and durability. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 149–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Liu, X. W.; Wang, D. S.; Li, Y. D. Synthesis and catalytic properties of bimetallic nanomaterials with various architectures. Nano Today 2012, 7, 448–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Polarz, S.; Smarsly, B. Nanoporous materials. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2002, 2, 581–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang, H. C.; Hu, F.; Zhang, Y. J.; Shi, L. Y.; Wang, Q. B. Controlled synthesis of porous spinel cobalt manganese oxides as efficient oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Nano Res. 2016, 9, 207–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu, Q. C.; Jiang, Y. S.; Xu, J. J.; Xu, D.; Chang, Z. W.; Yin, Y. B.; Liu, W. Q.; Zhang, X. B. Hierarchical Co3O4 porous nanowires as an efficient bifunctional cathode catalyst for long life Li-O2 batteries. Nano Res. 2015, 8, 576–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Huang, X. Q.; Zhu, E. B.; Chen, Y.; Li, Y. J.; Chiu, C.-Y.; Xu, Y. X.; Lin, Z. Y.; Duan, X. F.; Huang, Y. A facile strategy to Pt3Ni nanocrystals with highly porous features as an enhanced oxygen reduction reaction catalyst. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2974–2979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhou, B. B.; Sun, Z. F.; Li, D.; Zhang, T.; Deng, L.; Liu, Y.-N. Platinum nanostructures via self-assembly of an amyloid-like peptide: A novel electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction. Nanoscale 2013, 5, 2669–2673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Yuwen, L.; Xu, F.; Xue, B.; Luo, Z. M.; Zhang, Q.; Bao, B. Q.; Su, S.; Weng, L. X.; Huang, W.; Wang, L. H. General synthesis of noble metal (Au, Ag, Pd, Pt) nanocrystal modified MoS2 nanosheets and the enhanced catalytic activity of Pd-MoS2 for methanol oxidation. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 5762–5769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. El Mel, A.-A.; Boukli-Hacene, F.; Molina-Luna, L.; Bouts, N.; Chauvin, A.; Thiry, D.; Gautron, E.; Gautier, N.; Tessier, P.-Y. Unusual dealloying effect in gold/copper alloy thin films: The role of defects and column boundaries in the formation of nanoporous gold. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 2310–2321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gao, L. Z.; Zhuang, J.; Nie, L.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, Y.; Gu, N.; Wang, T. H.; Feng, J.; Yang, D. L.; Perrett, S. et al. Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2, 577–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Tao, Y.; Lin, Y. H.; Huang, Z. Z.; Ren, J. S.; Qu, X. G. Incorporating graphene oxide and gold nanoclusters: A synergistic catalyst with surprisingly high peroxidase-like activity over a broad pH range and its application for cancer cell detection. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 2594–2599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cai, S. F.; Qi, C.; Li, Y. D.; Han, Q. S.; Yang, R.; Wang, C. PtCo bimetallic nanoparticles with high oxidase-like catalytic activity and their applications for magnetic-enhanced colorimetric biosensing. J. Mater. Chem. B 2016, 4, 1869–1877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Markovic, N. M.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Grgur, B. N.; Ross, P. N. Oxygen reduction reaction on Pt(111): Effects of bromide. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1999, 467, 157–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang, J.; Sasaki, K.; Sutter, E.; Adzic, R. R. Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 2007, 315, 220–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Cai, L.-T.; Chen, H.-Y. Electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at platinum microparticles dispersed in a poly(o-phenylenediamine) film. Sens. Actuators B 1999, 55, 14–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Wang, C.; Chi, M. F.; Wang, G. F.; van der Vliet, D.; Li, D. G.; More, K.; Wang, H.-H.; Schlueter, J. A.; Markovic, N. M.; Stamenkovic, V. R. Correlation between surface chemistry and electrocatalytic properties of monodisperse PtxNi1–x nanoparticles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 147–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Zhang, L.-N.; Deng, H.-H.; Lin, F.-L.; Xu, X.-W.; Weng, S.-H.; Liu, A.-L.; Lin, X.-H.; Xia, X.-H.; Chen, W. In situ growth of porous platinum nanoparticles on graphene oxide for colorimetric detection of cancer cells. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 2711–2718.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Su, L.; Feng, J.; Zhou, X. M.; Ren, C. L.; Li, H. H.; Chen, X. G. Colorimetric detection of urine glucose based ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 5753–5758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Lin, T. R.; Zhong, L. S.; Guo, L. Q.; Fu, F. F.; Chen, G. N. Seeing diabetes: Visual detection of glucose based on the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of MoS2 nanosheets. Nanoscale 2014, 6, 11856–11862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Song, Y. J.; Qu, K. G.; Zhao, C.; Ren, J. S.; Qu, X. G. Graphene oxide: Intrinsic peroxidase catalytic activity and its application to glucose detection. Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2206–2210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Jiao, X.; Song, H. J.; Zhao, H. H.; Bai, W.; Zhang, L. C.; Lv, Y. Well-redispersed ceria nanoparticles: Promising peroxidase mimetics for H2O2 and glucose detection. Anal. Methods 2012, 4, 3261–3267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Dong, Y. L.; Zhang, H. G.; Rahman, Z. U.; Su, L.; Chen, X. J.; Hu, J.; Chen, X. G. Graphene oxide-Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites with peroxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of glucose. Nanoscale 2012, 4, 3969–3976.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Dong, Y. M.; Zhang, J. J.; Jiang, P. P.; Wang, G. L.; Wu, X. M.; Zhao, H.; Zhang, C. Superior peroxidase mimetic activity of carbon dots-Pt nanocomposites relies on synergistic effects. New J. Chem. 2015, 39, 4141–4146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Park, J.-N.; Shon, J. K.; Jin, M. S.; Hwang, S. H.; Park, G. O.; Boo, J.-H.; Han, T. H.; Kim, J. M. Highly ordered mesoporous a-Mn2O3 for catalytic decomposition of H2O2 at low temperatures. Chem. Lett. 2010, 39, 493–495.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Lin, S.-S.; Gurol, M. D. Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on iron oxide: Kinetics, mechanism, and implications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 1417–1423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Kiyonaga, T.; Jin, Q. L.; Kobayashi, H.; Tada, H. Sizedependence of catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles loaded on titanium(IV) dioxide for hydrogen peroxide decomposition. ChemPhysChem 2009, 10, 2935–2938.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Fan, J.; Yin, J.-J.; Ning, B.; Wu, X. C.; Hu, Y.; Ferrari, M.; Anderson, G. J.; Wei, J. Y.; Zhao, Y. L.; Nie, G. J. Direct evidence for catalase and peroxidase activities of ferritinplatinum nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011, 32, 1611–1618.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Hasnat, M. A.; Rahman, M. M.; Borhanuddin, S. M.; Siddiqua, A.; Bahadur, N. M.; Karim, M. R. Efficient hydrogen peroxide decomposition on bimetallic Pt-Pd surfaces. Catal. Commun. 2010, 12, 286–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Prabhuram, J.; Manoharan, R. Investigation of methanol oxidation on unsupported platinum electrodes in strong alkali and strong acid. J. Power Sources 1998, 74, 54–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Westbroek, P.; Temmerman, E. Mechanism of hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction at a glassy carbon electrode in alkaline solution. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000, 482, 40–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Matsura, V. A.; Potekhin, V. V.; Platonov, V. V.; Tatsenko, O. M.; Ukraintsev, V. B.; Khokhryakov, K. A. Kinetics of reaction between oxygen and hydrogen in water in the presence of Pd(0)-containing compounds. Russ. J. Gen. Chem. 2003, 73, 1671–1675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Hammer, B.; Nørskov, J. K. Theoretical surface science and catalysis—Calculations and concepts. Adv. Catal. 2000, 45, 71–129.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Greeley, J.; Nørskov, J. K.; Mavrikakis, M. Electronic structure and catalysis on metal surfaces. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2002, 53, 319–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Zhang, J. L.; Vukmirovic, M. B.; Xu, Y.; Mavrikakis, M.; Adzic, R. R. Controlling the catalytic activity of Platinummonolayer electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction with different substrates. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 2132–2135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Lu, Y.; Ye, W. C.; Yang, Q.; Yu, J.; Wang, Q.; Zhou, P. P.; Wang, C. M.; Xue, D. S.; Zhao, S. Q. Three-dimensional hierarchical porous PtCu dendrites: A highly efficient peroxidase nanozyme for colorimetric detection of H2O2. Sens. Actuators B 2016, 230, 721–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Zhang, H. J.; Deng, X. G.; Jiao, C. P.; Lu, L. L.; Zhang, S. W. Preparation and catalytic activities for H2O2 decomposition of Rh/Au bimetallic nanoparticles. Mater. Res. Bull. 2016, 79, 29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Xu, G.-R.; Han, S.-H.; Liu, Z.-H.; Chen, Y. The chemical functionalized platinum nanodendrites: The effect of chemical molecular weight on electrocatalytic property. J. Power Sources 2016, 306, 587–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Fu, G. T.; Jiang, X.; Ding, L. F.; Tao, L.; Chen, Y.; Tang, Y. W.; Zhou, Y. M.; Wei, S. H.; Lin, J.; Lu, T. L. Green synthesis and catalytic properties of polyallylamine functionalized tetrahedral palladium nanocrystals. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2013, 138–139, 167–174.

  65. Sun, H. J.; Gao, N.; Dong, K.; Ren, J. S.; Qu, X. G. Graphene quantum dots-band-aids used for wound disinfection. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 6202–6210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Tao, Y.; Ju, E. G.; Ren, J. S.; Qu, X. G. Bifunctionalized mesoporous silica-supported gold nanoparticles: Intrinsic oxidase and peroxidase catalytic activities for antibacterial applications. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 1097–1104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFC0207102) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21501034, 21573050 and 21503053). Financial support from Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA09030303) and CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety was also gratefully acknowledged. We thank associate Prof. Xun Hong from Center of Advanced Nanocatalysis in University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) for constructive discussion. We also thank Dr. Haijun Yang and Yayun Chen from Analysis Center of Department of Chemistry at Tsinghua University for help with ESR study. This work made use of the resources of the Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy at Tsinghua University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Shuangfei Cai, Xinghang Jia, Qiusen Han, Rong Yang & Chen Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Xiyun Yan

Authors
  1. Shuangfei Cai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xinghang Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qiusen Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiyun Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rong Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Rong Yang or Chen Wang.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cai, S., Jia, X., Han, Q. et al. Porous Pt/Ag nanoparticles with excellent multifunctional enzyme mimic activities and antibacterial effects. Nano Res. 10, 2056–2069 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1395-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-016-1395-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation