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MicroRNAs and Ultraconserved Genes as Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), approximately 19–25 nucleotides in length, are posttranscriptional regulators of protein expression that target and inhibit translation of messenger (m) RNAs. Recent research on miRNAs has produced a plethora of new material on the role of miRNAs in disease. Deregulation or ablation of miRNA expression has led to major pathologies including heart disease and cancer. Signatures of differential miRNA expression have been uncovered for nearly every disease. Recent research has focused on exploitation of the selectivity of these signatures as markers of disease and for therapeutic applications. The significance of additional mechanisms of abnormal posttranscriptional regulation, such as ultraconserved genes (UCGs), has recently been recognized. This review focuses on the identification of aberrant posttranscriptional regulators (miRNAs and UCGs) in cancer and cardiovascular disease and addresses the applications of this work towards diagnosis and therapy.

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Acknowledgements

G.A.C. is supported as a Fellow at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Research Trust, as a Fellow of The University of Texas System Regents Research Scholar, and by the Ladjevardian Regents Research Scholar Fund. Work in Dr. Calin’s laboratory is supported in part by an NIH, DOD, a Breast Cancer SPORE Developmental Research Award, an Ovarian Cancer SPORE Developmental Research Award, a CTT/3I-TD grant and by 2009 Seena Magowitz-Pancreatic Cancer Action Network-AACR Pilot Grant. W.A. and R.P. receive support from the Gillson-Longenbaugh Foundation, the Marcus Foundation, DOD, NIH, and NCI.

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  1. David H. Koch Center, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Julianna K. Edwards, Renata Pasqualini & Wadih Arap

  2. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, and the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    George A. Calin

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Edwards, J.K., Pasqualini, R., Arap, W. et al. MicroRNAs and Ultraconserved Genes as Diagnostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. J. of Cardiovasc. Trans. Res. 3, 271–279 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-010-9179-5

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