Abstract
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) is a phloem-restricted plant pathogen that is vectored between host plants by the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli. Lso infects solanaceous crops whithin North America and New Zealand and is responsible for causing zebra chip (ZC) in potato. Two Lso haplotypes (A and B) have been identified infecting potato (Solanum tuberosum). Previously, we identified differences in disease severity associated with each Lso haplotype in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In this study, the severity of ZC symptoms was evaluated for Lso haplotypes A and B independently or in co-infection in Atlantic variety potato tubers grown in Texas fields. Discolorations in tuber vascular tissues were measured in potato chips using a published 6-point visual scale and compared among plants submitted to five treatments: no psyllids (control), psyllids not infected with Lso (LsoFree), psyllids infected with Lso haplotype A (LsoA), psyllids infected with Lso haplotype B (LsoB), and psyllids infected with both haplotypes (LsoAB). These experiments were performed a total of three times, twice in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (Weslaco, TX) during the winters 2014 and 2018 and once during the spring 2015 in the Texas Panhandle (Springlake, TX). This study showed that significantly lower ZC symptom severity was associated with plants treated with LsoA-infected psyllids compared to plants treated with either LsoB- or LsoAB-infected psyllids; however, this difference was marginal. This difference might be relevant for the disease biology; it has no impact on the tuber suitability for the market. This study also showed that average tuber mass was significantly lower in plants infected with Lso compared with uninfected plants and that this reduction in mass was similar among Lso haplotype treatments. Overall, this study demonstrates that Lso haplotypes A and B cause slightly different ZC symptom severity and that ZC symptom severity in plants treated with psyllids co-infected with both haplotypes is similar to the symptoms associated with Lso haplotype B.
Resumen
‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’(Lso) es un fitopatógeno restringido al floema, cuyo vector transmisor entre plantas hospederas es el psílido de la papa Bactericera cockerelli. Lso infecta a cultivos de solanáceas dentro de Norteamérica y Nueva Zelanda, y es responsable de causar la papa rayada (ZC, zebra chip, por sus siglas en inglés). Se han identificado dos haplotipos de Lso (A y B) infectando a la papa (Solanum tuberosum). Previamente, nosotros identificamos diferencias en la severidad de la enfermedad asociadas con cada haplotipo de Lso en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum). En este estudio se evaluó la severidad de los síntomas por ZC para los haplotipos A y B de Lso, independientemente o en co-infección en tubérculos de papa de la variedad Atlantic cultivada en campos de Texas. Se midió la pigmentación en los tejidos vasculares del tubérculo en papas fritas usando una escala visual de seis puntos publicada y se comparó entre plantas sometidas a cinco tratamientos: sin psílidos (testigo), psílidos no infectados con Lso (Libres de Lso, LsoFree), psílidos infectados con el Lso haplotipo A (LsoA), psílidos infectados con el haplotipo B de Lso (LsoB), y psílidos infectados con ambos tipos de haplotipos (LsoAB). Estos experimentos se hicieron tres veces, dos veces en la parte baja del Valle del Río Grande (Weslaco, TX) durante los inviernos de 2014 y 2018, y una vez más durante la primavera de 2015 en la franja de Springlake, TX. Este estudio mostró que más baja severidad significativa del síntoma estuvo asociada con plantas tratadas con psílidos infectados con LsoA en comparación con plantas tratadas ya fuera con psílidos infectados con LsoB o con LsoAB; no obstante, esta diferencia fue marginal. Esta diferencia pudiera ser relevante para la biología de la enfermedad; no tiene impacto en la idoneidad del tubérculo para el mercado. Este estudio también mostró que la masa promedio del tubérculo fue significativamente más baja en plantas infectadas con Lso comparadas con las no infectadas, y que esta reducción en la masa fue similar entre los tratamientos con los haplotipos de Lso. En general, este estudio demuestra que los haplotipos A y B de Lso causan ligeramente diferente severidad de síntoma por ZC, y que esta severidad en plantas tratadas con psílidos co-infectados con ambos haplotipos es similar a los síntomas asociados con el haplotipo B de Lso.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Elizabeth A. Pierson for scientific discussion, J. W. Koym and Angel Chappel for technical support. The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive effort from anonymous reviewers in improving our manuscript. This project is supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative competitive award no. 2017-67013-26564 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and by the Texas A&M AgriLife Research Insect Vector Disease Grant Program (award number 06-L701774).
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Harrison, K., Tamborindeguy, C., Scheuring, D.C. et al. Differences in Zebra Chip Severity between ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Haplotypes in Texas. Am. J. Potato Res. 96, 86–93 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9692-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9692-7