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Development of a PCR Assay for the Rapid Detection and Differentiation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes and Their Spatiotemporal Distribution in the United States

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An Erratum to this article was published on 20 April 2013

Abstract

Zebra chip, or zebra complex (ZC) has become an important invasive disease of potato in the United States and New Zealand and is caused by a phloem-limited bacterium, ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso). A PCR assay using a single pair of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers was developed for simultaneous detection and genotype differentiation of Lso haplotypes associated with zebra chip disease of potato. The sensitivity of the SSR PCR was similar to a 16S PCR assay, with detection limit of 100 copies of the Lso genome in haplotype A infected potato and psyllid samples and 10 copies of Lso genome in haplotype B potato and psyllid samples. The Lso detection frequency of the SSR PCR assay was 79.1 % in potato and 26.4 % in psyllid samples, respectively; whereas the detection frequency of the 16S PCR assay 59.0 % in potato and 25.9 % in psyllid samples, respectively. Samples of Lso positive potato plants and psyllids from multiple states in the US were demonstrated to have either haplotype A or haplotype B Lso and occasionally both haplotypes were found in individual samples. This is the first report that co-infection of the two haplotypes of Lso exists in potato and potato-psyllid samples. Only haplotype A Lso was detected in North Dakota psyllid samples collected in 2010, in Idaho and Washington ZC potato samples sampled from storage in 2011, and in Idaho ZC potato samples in 2012. Haplotype A Lso was also detected in New Zealand ZC affected potato samples and psyllid samples collected in 2010 and 2011. The PCR assay developed is as sensitive as previously developed assays and has the advantage of simultaneously detecting and differentiating Lso haplotypes of the ZC bacterium, thus making it extremely useful for epidemiological studies.

Resumen

Zebra chip o el complejo zebra (ZC) se ha convertido en una enfermedad invasiva importante en los Estados Unidos y en Nueva Zelanda, causada por una bacteria limitada al floema, “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” (Lso). Se desarrolló un ensayo de PCR utilizando iniciadores de un solo par de secuencia de repetición de genotipo para detección simultánea y diferenciación de genotipo de los haplotipos de ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) asociados con la enfermedad de zebra chip (ZC) de la papa. La sensibilidad del SSR PCR fue similar al ensayo 16S PCR, con un límite de detección de 100 copias del genomio del Lso en papa infectada del tipo 1 y 10 copias del genomio Lso tipo 2 de muestras de papa y del psílido. La frecuencia de detección del Lso del ensayo SSR PCR fue de 79.1 % en papa y de 26.4 % en muestras del psílido, respectivamente; mientras que la frecuencia de detección del ensayo de 16S de PCR fue de 59 % en papa y de 25.9 en las muestras del psílido, respectivamente. A muestras de Lso de plantas de papa positivas y de psílidos de múltiples estados en los EUA se les demostró tener ya fuera el tipo 1 o el tipo 2 de Lso y ocasionalmente se encontraron ambos haplotipos de biotipos en muestras individuales. Este es el primer reporte de la existencia de co-infección de los dos tipos de Lso en muestras de papa y del psílido de la papa. Solamente se detectó el tipo 1 de Lso en muestras del psílido de Dakota del Norte colectadas en el 2010, en Idaho y Washington en muestras de papa con ZC tomadas del almacén en 2011, y en Idaho ZC en muestras de papa en 2012. También se detectó el tipo 1 de Lso en Nueva Zelanda en muestras de papa afectadas con ZC y en muestras del psílido colectadas en 2010 y 2011. El ensayo de PCR desarrollado es tan sensible como ensayos desarrollados previamente y tiene la ventaja de detectar simultáneamente y de diferenciar haplotipos de Lso de la bacteria ZC, haciéndolo así extremadamente útil para estudios epidemiológicos.

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Acknowledgement

We thank Dr. Jim Crosslin for supplying potato-psyllid DNA samples, Dr. Joe Munyaneza for supplying carrot and carrot-psyllid DNA samples collected from Finland, Drs. Joe Rehder and Nora Olsen for supplying potato tubers produced in Washington and Idaho, respectively, and Drs. Andrew Pitman and Sam Beard for supplying potato and potato-psyllid DNA samples collected from New Zealand. This work was supported by grant from USDA-NIFA-SCRI (Project #2009-51181-20176).

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Correspondence to Neil C. Gudmestad.

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Wen, A., Johnson, C. & Gudmestad, N.C. Development of a PCR Assay for the Rapid Detection and Differentiation of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Haplotypes and Their Spatiotemporal Distribution in the United States. Am. J. Potato Res. 90, 229–236 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9293-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-012-9293-9

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