Abstract
Late blight and early blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, respectively, are the two most widely occurring foliar diseases of potato in the U.S.A. Resistance to both diseases is necessary if growers are to reduce fungicide applications. Field resistance to late blight has previously been reported in an accession of Solanum hougasii (2n = 72). The putative aneuploid clone E53.61, derived from (S. hougasii x S. tuberosum) x S. tuberosum was obtained from C.R. Brown and crossed with three S. tuberosum clones. Thirty-five hybrid clones were evaluated for foliar late blight resistance at the Russell E. Larson Agricultural Research Center near State College, PA along with the susceptible check ‘Atlantic’ and for foliar early blight resistance in Presque Isle, ME along with the susceptible check ‘Harley Blackwell’ for 3 years (2012 to 2014). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two to three replications each year. The US-23 genotype of P. infestans occurred naturally and/or was used in inoculations in PA and plants were infected naturally with A. solani in ME. Relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) values were calculated based on visual assessment of foliar disease four to five times late in the season each year and subjected to statistical and stability analyses. There were significant differences among clones and the clone x environment interaction was significant for both diseases. Of the 35 hybrid clones evaluated for late blight, 16 were more resistant, 7 were more susceptible, and 12 were as susceptible as ‘Atlantic’. Of those same hybrid clones evaluated for early blight, 23 were more resistant than ‘Harley Blackwell’; the rest were as susceptible. Late blight resistance or susceptibility was independent of the stability of resistance, however, early blight resistance was associated with greater stability. Fourteen clones were more resistant than the check varieties for both late blight and early blight, suggesting that resistance genes for both late blight and early blight have been combined in this genetic material; three of these clones also had high specific gravity and acceptable chip color out of 10 °C storage.
Resumen
Los tizones tardío y temprano, causados por Phytophthora infestans y Alternaria solani, respectivamente, son las dos enfermedades foliares más ampliamente presentes de papa en los E.U.A. Es necesaria la resistencia a ambas enfermedades si los productores van a reducir las aplicaciones de fungicidas. La resistencia de campo a tizón tardío se ha reportado previamente en una introducción de Solanum hougasii (2n = 72). El supuesto clon aneuploide E53.61 derivado de (S. hougasii x S. tuberosum) x S. tuberosum se obtuvo de C. R. Brown y se cruzó con tres clones de S. tuberosum. Se evaluaron 35 clones híbridos para resistencia foliar a tizón tardío en el Centro de investigación agrícola E. Larson, cerca de State College, PA, junto con el testigo susceptible “Atlantic”, y para resistencia al tizón temprano foliar en Pesque Isle, ME, junto con el testigo susceptible “Harley Blackwell” durante tres años (2012–2014). El diseño experimental fue de bloques completos al azar con dos o tres repeticiones cada año. El genotipo US-23 de P. infestans se presentó de forma natural y/o fue usado en inoculaciones en PA, y las plantas se infectaron naturalmente con A. solani en ME. Los valores del área bajo la curva relativa de progreso de la enfermedad (RAUDPC) se calcularon con base a inspección visual de la enfermedad foliar de cuatro a cinco veces al final del ciclo cada año y estuvieron sujetos a análisis estadístico y de estabilidad. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los clones, y la interacción clon x ambiente fue significativa para ambas enfermedades. De los 35 clones híbridos evaluados para el tizón tardío, 16 fueron más resistentes, 7 más susceptibles y 12 fueron tan susceptibles como “Atlantic”. De esos mismos clones híbridos evaluados para el tizón temprano, 23 fueron más resistentes que “Harley Blackwell”, el resto fue igual de susceptible. La resistencia o susceptibilidad al tizón tardío fue independiente de la estabilidad de la resistencia, no obstante, la resistencia al tizón temprano se asoció con mayor estabilidad. Catorce clones fueron más resistentes que las variedades testigo para ambos, tizón temprano y tardío, lo que sugiere que los genes de resistencia para ambos tizones se han combinado en este material genético; tres de estos clones también tuvieron alta gravedad específica y color aceptable de hojuela en almacenamiento de 10 °C.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Charles R. Brown, Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Prosser, Washington for providing E53.61.
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Haynes, K.G., Qu, X. Late Blight and Early Blight Resistance from Solanum hougasii Introgressed Into Solanum tuberosum . Am. J. Potato Res. 93, 86–95 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9492-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-015-9492-2