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Cytogenetic Diversity in Scilloideae (Asparagaceae): a Comprehensive Recollection and Exploration of Karyo-Evolutionary Trends

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Abstract

The family Asparagaceae (subfamily Scilloideae, APG III, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161:105–121, 2009) constitutes approximately 1000 species in about 33 genera of deciduous bulbous geophytes with long history of medicinal utilities. However, satisfactory delimitation of genera as well as species boundaries within most genera still remain doubtful for the lack of reliable discriminating characters with morphological traits showing continuous variation. Detailed cytogenetic characterization and thorough comparative analysis is still scanty in this group and thus can provide supportive taxonomical data besides serving as basis for further genomic studies. This group showcases diverse cytogenetic characters studied across 4 tribes: Hyacintheae, Urgineeae, Ornithogaleae and Oziroëeae. Cytogenetic investigation has not yet been initiated in more than 50% of accepted species, studies mostly limited to chromosome counts or conventional karyotyping methods. Somatic chromosome counts have been reported in around 378 species varying from 2n = 4 in Ornithogaleae to 2n = 150 in Hyacintheae and the basic ancestral chromosome number of x = 10 is proposed for the subfamily and secondary base numbers presumed to arise by descending dysploidy followed by polyploidization leading to such variation. Meiotic analysis and genome size estimation is reported in very few species and requires further investigation. Karyotype in most taxa exhibits a general pattern characterized by asymmetry with predominance of acrocentric chromosomes. Fluorochrome banding by CMA/DAPI staining and FISH although reported in very few species revealed characteristic patterns in different taxa, with potential taxonomic utilities. Thus, comparison of compiled data depicted some patterns of chromosomal diversity within the subfamily Scilloideae but study of more taxa is required for prediction of trends.

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Acknowledgements

The work is supported by Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India under the project entitled “Network Programme for Enrichment and Update of Plant Chromosome Database for Spermatophytes and Archegoniate” vide No. BT/PR7866/NDB/39/272/2013 in which all the authors are beneficiaries. SJ is thankful to the National Academy of Sciences (NASI, Allahabad, India) for awarding the Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee fellowship. PSS acknowledges NASI, Allahabad for Research Associateship. SN acknowledges DST (GOI) for award of Senior Research Fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India

    Sayantani Nath, Sayantika Sarkar, Partha Sarathi Saha, Sudipta Ray & Sumita Jha

  2. Angiosperm Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416004, India

    Sayali D. Patil, Manoj M. Lekhak & S. R. Yadav

  3. Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India

    Satyawada Rama Rao

  4. School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, 456010, India

    R. C. Verma

  5. Genome Research Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India

    Manoj K. Dhar

  6. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India

    S. N. Raina

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  1. Sayantani Nath
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Nath, S., Sarkar, S., Patil, S.D. et al. Cytogenetic Diversity in Scilloideae (Asparagaceae): a Comprehensive Recollection and Exploration of Karyo-Evolutionary Trends. Bot. Rev. 89, 158–200 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-022-09279-1

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