Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of death and morbidity in Europe. Unfortunately, currently available treatments cannot permanently cure most cancers, especially when metastatic. New therapy approaches are, therefore, urgently needed. Radionuclide therapy deposits cytotoxic radiation by means of energetic particles (alfa, beta, and auger) labeled to a carrier that specifically targets cancer cells. Targeted Alpha Therapy is very promising, because alpha particles deliver high energy (i.e., cytotoxic effect) in a small range, binding a target cell population without significant harm to healthy tissues. The high linear energy transfer typical of alpha particles determines irreversible double-strand DNA breaks with per-unit absorbed doses of acute biologic effects three-to-seven times greater than the damage produced by external beam with photons or beta radiation. As consequence, cells—not equipped to efficiently repair this type of damage—typically undergo death. Therefore, Targeted Alpha Therapy is such a new approach to treat tumors. This article aimed to provide an overview (five “W”s and “How”) on Targeted Alpha Therapy.
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MS, KM, and MK declare no conflict of interest. AC received speaker honoraria from General Electric and Blue Earth Diagnostics, acted as a scientific advisor for Blue Earth Diagnostics and Advanced Accelerator Applications, and benefited from an unconditional Grant from Sanofi to Institution. All honoraria and Grants are outside the scope of the submitted work.
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The author M. Sollini received the international prize “Francesco de Luca” for Cancer Research in 2019, attributed by the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome.
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Sollini, M., Marzo, K., Chiti, A. et al. The five “W”s and “How” of Targeted Alpha Therapy: Why? Who? What? Where? When? and How?. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 31, 231–247 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-020-00900-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-020-00900-2