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Anisotropy and deformation heterogeneity in additive manufactured carbon-reinforced PEEK

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Abstract

Carbon-reinforced polyether ether ketone (C-PEEK) is one of the high-performance thermoplastic polymers used in engineering applications. To manufacture C-PEEK parts, a material extrusion process called fused deposition modeling (FDM) is more preferred than other 3D printing technologies such as material jetting, sheet lamination, VAT photo-polymerization, binder jetting, directed energy deposition (DED) and powder bed fusion (PBF) due to its low cost and high efficiency. In FDM, the angle between printing and loading directions, called raster angle, is a known cause of material anisotropy. However, less attention has been paid to bring out the effect of raster angle on local state of strain. We fill this gap using digital image correlation (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Standard specimens made using three different raster angles, namely, 0°, 45°, and 90°, were tested upto failure by fracture. 0° raster angle offers the highest strength, whereas 90° raster angle yields the least strength. All specimens fail by brittle fracture. Strain localization that evolves near interfaces between two beads or layers play the most vital role in the failure mechanism.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for funding this research work. The authors thank Indian Institute of Technology Madras (Chennai, India) for providing access to VIC-2D software.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, NH17 Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa, 423726, India

    Vipin Gupta, N. I. Thiruselvam, D. M. Kulkarni & V. V. Chaudhari

  2. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

    S. Suraj

Authors
  1. Vipin Gupta
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  2. N. I. Thiruselvam
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  3. D. M. Kulkarni
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  4. V. V. Chaudhari
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  5. S. Suraj
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. I. Thiruselvam.

Additional information

Vipin Gupta received M.Tech. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, India, in 2019. He is currently pursuing Ph.D. in Additive Manufacturing for space applications at the BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India. His main research interests include 3D printing for high performance thermoplastic materials and Digital image correlation.

Iniyan Thiruselvam is Assistant Professor in BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India. His Ph.D. thesis work at Indian Institute of Technology Madras focused on developing a novel three-dimensional Digital Image Correlation software to obtain high-resolution full-field deformation measurements over discontinuous domains. He co-founded BIONIC Imprints Private Limited, a registered company in the field of Digital Dentistry. He has more than five years of industrial exposure to the latest developments in measuring the deformation and shape of 3D objects. His research interests lie in solving some of the latest challenging problems in the broad area of experimental mechanics.

D. M. Kulkarni is Professor in Mechanical Engineering in BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus. He has his Masters from IIT Kharagpur and Ph.D. from BITS Pilani. He has 23 years of teaching and 3 years of industrial experience. He is a Director of BIONIC Imprints Private Limited, a registered company in the area of Digital Dentistry. His research area is in the area of Design, Development and Characterization of Metals, Ceramics, Polymers and Composites in Automotive, Space and Healthcare Applications. He has published 60+ papers in the International and National journals of repute & conferences.

Vikas Chaudhari is working as Assistant Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus. He has over 19 years of teaching experience. He completed his graduation in Mechanical Engineering from University of Pune. He obtained M. Tech. degree in Machine Design IIT-BHU, Varanasi. He completed his Ph.D. from BITS Pilani. His research areas are Fracture Mechanics & Material Testing and Characterization. He has published/presented over 39 research papers in the International and National journal/conferences of repute. He has received research grants for the projects related with material development and material characterization.

S. Suraj got his post-graduation in Applied Chemistry and MPhil in Synthetic Organic Chemistry from Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala. He joined ISRO in 1995 and currently holding the post of Head, Propellant Engineering Division. His contributions are mainly in the areas of Polymer systems and Polymeric composites, adhesive systems for Rockets and Satellites, UV curable polymers, Engineering Thermoplastics, Nano materials, Rubber products, 3D printable polymeric systems, Propellants and High Energetic Materials.

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Gupta, V., Thiruselvam, N.I., Kulkarni, D.M. et al. Anisotropy and deformation heterogeneity in additive manufactured carbon-reinforced PEEK. J Mech Sci Technol 37, 2871–2880 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0513-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-023-0513-7

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