Abstract
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a technique in additive manufacturing that has been used to produce various components using a variety of materials for a broad range of applications adapting layer-by-layer deposition process. Thermoplastic polymers are commonly used raw material that comes in the form of a filament. Coconut wood is highly recognized for its naturally affable ecological components, thermal resilience, and corrosion resistance. However, PLA's qualities embedded in coconut wood remain inadequate. The objective of this analysis is to investigate and analyze the tensile properties of the 3D printed specimens with varying infill percentages (25, 50, and 75%) and the infill patterns (grid, rectilinear, concentric, honeycomb, and triangle) on coconut wood reinforced PLA using the FDM technique. The specimen is printed in accordance with the ASTM standard for tensile testing, which is ASTM D638 type 1. Following that, the tensile properties of the PLA and PLA/Coconut wood were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the concentric infill pattern with a 75% infill percentage provides the strongest structure in PLA and PLA/Coconut wood composites. The PLA has a maximum tensile strength of 37.55 MPa, whereas the PLA/Coconut wood has 19.35 MPa. PLA has a maximum elastic modulus of 1.148 GPa, while the PLA/Coconut wood composite has a maximum elastic modulus of 1.121 GPa. PLA has a yield strength of 23.33 MPa, while the PLA/Coconut wood composite has a yield strength of 15.33 MPa in tensile testing. Meanwhile, the grid pattern has the weakest properties for both materials.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Standard A (2012) Standard terminology for additive manufacturing technologies. ASTM Int. F2792–12a
Li N, Li Y, Liu S (2016) Rapid prototyping of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites by 3D printing. J Mater Process Technol 238:218–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.07.025
Es-Said OS, Foyos J, Noorani R, Mendelson M, Marloth R, Pregger BA (2000) Effect of layer orientation on mechanical properties of rapid prototyped samples. Mater Manuf Process 15:107–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910008912976
Rajpurohit SR, Dave HK (2018) Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of FDM printed PLA part. Rapid Prototyp J 24:1317–1324. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2017-0134
Javaid M, Haleem A (2019) Using additive manufacturing applications for design and development of food and agricultural equipments. Int J Mater Prod Technol 58:225–238. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMPT.2019.097662
Vaidya AA, Collet C, Gaugler M, Lloyd-Jones G (2019) Integrating softwood biorefinery lignin into polyhydroxybutyrate composites and application in 3D printing. Mater Today Commun 19:286–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.02.008
Sathies T, Senthil P, Anoop MS (2020) A review on advancements in applications of fused deposition modelling process. Rapid Prototyp J 26:669–687. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2018-0199
Le Duigou A, Barbé A, Guillou E, Castro M (2019) 3D printing of continuous flax fibre reinforced biocomposites for structural applications. Mater Des 180:107884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2019.107884
Calignano F, Manfredi D, Ambrosio EP, Biamino S, Lombardi M, Atzeni E, Salmi A, Minetola P, Iuliano L, Fino P (2017) Overview on additive manufacturing technologies. Proc IEEE 105:593–612. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2016.2625098
Razavykia A, Brusa E, Delprete C, Yavari R (2020) An overview of additive manufacturing technologies-a review to technical synthesis in numerical study of selective laser melting. Materials (Basel). 13:1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173895
Subramaniam SR, Samykano M, Selvamani SK, Ngui WK, Kadirgama K, Sudhakar K, Idris MS (2019) 3D printing: overview of PLA progress. In: AIP conference proceedings, vol 2059. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5085958
Mohan N, Senthil P, Vinodh S, Jayanth N (2017) A review on composite materials and process parameters optimisation for the fused deposition modelling process. Virtual Phys Prototyp 12:47–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/17452759.2016.1274490
Jaisingh Sheoran A, Kumar H (2020) Fused Deposition modeling process parameters optimization and effect on mechanical properties and part quality: review and reflection on present research. Mater Today Proc 21:1659–1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.296
Popescu D, Zapciu A, Amza C, Baciu F, Marinescu R (2018) FDM process parameters influence over the mechanical properties of polymer specimens: a review. Polym Testing 69:157–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.05.020
Liu Z, Lei Q, Xing S (2019) Mechanical characteristics of wood, ceramic, metal and carbon fiber-based PLA composites fabricated by FDM. J Mater Res Technol 8(5):3741–3751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.06.034
Andrzejewski J, Marciniak-Podsadna L (2020) Development of thermal resistant FDM printed blends. the preparation of GPET/PC blends and evaluation of material performance. Materials 13(9):2057. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092057
Wankhede V, Jagetiya D, Joshi A, Chaudhari R (2019) Experimental investigation of FDM process parameters using Taguchi analysis. Mater Today Proc 27:2117–2120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.078
Bryll K, Piesowicz E, Szymański P, Slaczka W, Pijanowski M (2018) Polymer composite manufacturing by FDM 3D printing technology. In: MATEC web of conference, vol 237. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823702006
Rahim TNAT, Abdullah AM, Akil HM, Mohamad D, Rajion ZA (2017) The improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 12 3D printed parts by fused deposition modelling. Express Polym Lett 11:963–982. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.92
Dawoud M, Taha I, Ebeid SJ (2016) Mechanical behaviour of ABS: an experimental study using FDM and injection moulding techniques. J Manuf Process 21:39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2015.11.002
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Universiti Malaysia Pahang (www.ump.edu.my) for the financial support provided under the grants RDU192218, RDU190350, and RDU19402.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary file1 (MP4 128489 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kananathan, J., Rajan, K., Samykano, M., Kadirgama, K., Moorthy, K., Rahman, M.M. (2023). Preliminary Tensile Investigation of FDM Printed PLA/Coconut Wood Composite. In: Hassan, M.H.A., Zohari, M.H., Kadirgama, K., Mohamed, N.A.N., Aziz, A. (eds) Technological Advancement in Instrumentation & Human Engineering. ICMER 2021. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 882. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1577-2_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1577-2_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1576-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-1577-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)