Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High solid content 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds using stereolithographic ceramic manufacturing: process, structural and mechanical properties

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

45S5 Bioglass® has been widely used in bone tissue engineering scaffold due to its high bioactive properties. 3D printing method is a popular way to fabricate scaffolds. The extrusion printing method causes poor shape and dimensional accuracy of the scaffolds. The ordinary light-cured 3D printing method leads to low solid content of the scaffolds, which causes large shape shrinkages and low mechanical properties after sintering. In this study, we employed the stereolithographic ceramic manufacturing (SLCM) method to fabricate 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds. Coating-then-stereolithographic layer by layer is the core process of SLCM method. Based on the optimization of the parameters of SLCM process and sintering process, the solid content of the 45S5 scaffold can be improved to a maximum of 70 %, and the linear shrinkage and compressive strength were effectively improved. The proposed method can be used not only for fabricating bone tissue engineering scaffold, but also for manufacturing other high solid content ceramic products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K. Rezwan, Q. Z. Chen and J. J. Blaker, Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials, 27(18) (2006) 3413–3431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Bose, S. Vahabzadeh and A. Bandyopadhyay, Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing, Materials Today, 16(12) (2013) 496–504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Azami, S. Tavakol and A. Samadikuchaksaraei, A porous hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue repair: in vitro and in vivo evaluation, J. of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 23(18) (2012) 2353–2368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. O. A. Bretcanu, Polymer-bioceramic composites for tissue engineering scaffolds, J. of Materials Science, 43(13) (2008) 4433–4442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Salgado, O. P. Coutinho and R. L. Reis, Bone tissue engineering: state of the art and future trends, Macromolecular Bioscience, 4(8) (2004) 743–765.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J. Y. Kim, S. Park and P. Serrao, Effect of over/under-expanding on the mechanical behavior in provisional stenting using bioresorbable scaffold, J. of Mechanical Science and Technology, 34(6) (2020) 2371–2376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. V. Karageorgiou and D. Kaplan, Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis, Biomaterials, 26(27) (2005) 5474–5491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Tongmanee et al., Effects of the cell and triangular microwell size on the cell-trapping efficacy and specificity, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33(1) (2019) 5571–5580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. S. R. Motamedian, P. Iranparvar and G. Nahvi, Bone tissue engineering: a literature review, Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration, 1(3) (2016) 103–120.

    Google Scholar 

  10. S. H. Kim and Y. Jung, Bi-layered PLCL/(PLGA/β-TCP) composite scaffold for osteochondral tissue engineering, J. of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, 30(2) (2015) 178–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Z. Zhou, Q. Yao and L. Li, Antimicrobial activity of 3D-printed poly(E-caprolactone) (PCL) composite scaffolds presenting vancomycin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres, Medical Science Monitor International Medical J. of Experimental & Clinical Research, 24 (2018) 6934–6945.

    Google Scholar 

  12. E. A. Aguilar-Reyes, A. León-Patino Carlos and E. Villicana-Molina, Processing and in vitro bioactivity of high-strength 45S5 glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration, Ceramics International, 43(9) (2017) 6868–6875.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. V. P. Galván-Chacón, S. Eqtesadi and A. Pajares, Elucidating the role of 45S5 bioglass content in the density and flexural strength of robocast β-TCP/45S5 composites, Ceramics International, 44(11) (2018) 12717–12722.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. V. Mortazavi, M. M. Nahrkhalaji and M. H. Fathi, Antibacterial effects of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass nanoparticle on aerobic bacteria, J. of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 94A(1) (2010) 160–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. I. Allan, H. Newman and M. Wilson, Antibacterial activity of particulate bioglass® against supra- and subgingival bacteria, Biomaterials, 22(12) (2001) 1683–1687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. R. Köse et al., Three types of ceramic coating applicability in automotive industry for wear resistance purpose, Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 57(4) (2005) 140–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Urtekin, I. Uslan and B. Tuc, Investigation of effect of feedstock rheologies for injection molding of steatite, J. of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 27(2) (2012) 333–341.

    Google Scholar 

  18. S. Eqtesadi, A. Motealleh and P. Miranda, Robocasting of 45S5 bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, J. of the European Ceramic Society, 34(1) (2014) 107–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. W. Li, H. Wang and Y. Ding, Antibacterial 45S5 bioglass-based scaffolds reinforced with genipin cross-linked gelatin for bone tissue engineering, J. of Materials Chemistry B, 3(16) (2015) 3367–3378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Q. Z. Chen and G. A. Thouas, Fabrication and characterization of sol-gel derived 45S5 bioglass®-ceramic scaffolds, Acta Biomaterialia, 7(10) (2011) 3616–3626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. V. Cannillo, F. Chiellini and P. Fabbri, Production of bioglass 45s5-polycaprolactone composite scaffolds via salt-leaching, Composite Structures, 92(8) (2010) 1823–1832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Eqtesadi, A. Motealleh and P. Miranda, A simple recipe for direct writing complex 45S5 bioglass® 3D scaffolds, Materials Letters, 93 (2013) 68–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Motealleh, S. Eqtesadi and F. H. Perera, Understanding the role of dip-coating process parameters in the mechanical performance of polymer-coated bioglass robocast scaffolds, J. of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 64 (2016) 253–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. A. Motealleha, S. Eqtesadia and A. Pajaresa, Case study: reinforcement of 45S5 bioglass robocast scaffolds by HA/PCL nanocomposite coatings, J. of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 75 (2017) 114–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. P. S. P. Poh, D. W. Hutmacher and B. M. Holzapfel, In vitro and in vivo bone formation potential of surface calcium phosphate-coated polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/bioactive glass composite scaffolds, Acta Biomaterialia, 30 (2016) 319–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. P. S. Poh, D. W. Hutmacher and M. M. Stevens, Fabrication and in vitro characterization of bioactive glass composite scaffolds for bone regeneration, Biofabrication, 5 (2013) 045005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. T. S. Huang, M. N. Rahaman and N. D. Doiphode, Porous and strong bioactive glass (13–93) scaffolds fabricated by freeze extrusion technique, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 31(7) (2011) 1482–1489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. S. Xu, X. Yang and X. Chen, Effect of borosilicate glass on the mechanical and biodegradation properties of 45S5-derived bioactive glass-ceramics, J. of Non-Crystalline Solids, 405 (2014) 91–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. M. M Denn, Extrusion Instabilities and wall Slip, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 33 (2001) 265–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Iwami, T. Noda and K. Ishida, Bio rapid prototyping by extruding/aspirating/refilling thermoreversible hydrogel, Biofabrication, 2 (2010) 014108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J. Liu, H. Hu and P. Li, Fabrication and characterization of porous 45s5 glass scaffolds via direct selective laser sintering, Advanced Manufacturing Processes, 28(6) (2013) 610–615.

    Google Scholar 

  32. L. Elomaa, A. Kokkari and T. Närhi, Porous 3D modeled scaffolds of bioactive glass and photocrosslinkable poly(e-caprolactone) by stereolithography, Composites Science and Technology, 74(1) (2013) 99–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. B. Thavornyutikarn, P. Tesavibul and K. Sitthiseripratip, Porous 45S5 bioglass®-based scaffolds using stereolithography: Effect of partial pre-sintering on structural and mechanical properties of scaffolds, Materials Science & Engineering C Materials for Biological Applications, 75 (2017) 1281–1288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. K. Chopra, P. M. Mummery and B. Derby, Gel-cast glass-ceramic tissue scaffolds of controlled architecture produced via stereolithography of moulds, Biofabrication, 4(4) (2012) 045002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R. Felzmann, S. Gruber and G. Mitteramskogler, Lithography-based additive manufacturing of cellular ceramic structures, Advanced Engineering Materials, 14(12) (2012) 1052–1058.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Tesavibul, R. Felzmann and S. Gruber, Processing of 45S5 bioglass® by lithography-based additive manufacturing, Materials Letters, 74(1) (2012) 81–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R. Gmeiner et al., Stereolithographic ceramic manufacturing of high strength bioactive glass, International J. of Applied Ceramic Technology, 12(1) (2015) 38–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Urtekin, I. Uslan and B. Tuc, Investigation of properties of powder injection-molded steatites, J. of Materials Engineering & Performance, 21(3) (2012) 358–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. J. Nemati et al., Compressive quasistatic and dynamic behavior of SiC/ZrO2 aluminum-based nanocomposite, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 33(8) (2019) 3905–3911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. J. R. Jones, Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids, Acta Biomateria, 9(1) (2013) 4457–4486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China

    Zhiyong Ma

  2. Zhejiang Sany Equipment Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China

    Jun Xie

  3. Changxing People’s Hospital, Changxing, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 313000, China

    Xian Zhen Shan

  4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China

    Jiabin Zhang & Qifan Wang

Authors
  1. Zhiyong Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xian Zhen Shan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jiabin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qifan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhiyong Ma.

Additional information

Zhiyong Ma is an Associate Professor of the School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Zhejiang University. His research interests include bioprinting, additive manufacturing and mechanical design.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ma, Z., Xie, J., Shan, X.Z. et al. High solid content 45S5 Bioglass®-based scaffolds using stereolithographic ceramic manufacturing: process, structural and mechanical properties. J Mech Sci Technol 35, 823–832 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0144-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-021-0144-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation