Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication of Bioceramic Bone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, microhydroxyapatite and nanosilica sol were used as the raw materials for fabrication of bioceramic bone scaffold using selective laser sintering technology in a self-developed 3D Printing apparatus. When the fluidity of ceramic slurry is matched with suitable laser processing parameters, a controlled pore size of porous bone scaffold can be fabricated under a lower laser energy. Results shown that the fabricated scaffolds have a bending strength of 14.1 MPa, a compressive strength of 24 MPa, a surface roughness of 725 nm, a pore size of 750 μm, an apparent porosity of 32%, and a optical density of 1.8. Results indicate that the mechanical strength of the scaffold can be improved after heat treatment at 1200 °C for 2 h, while simultaneously increasing surface roughness conducive to osteoprogenitor cell adhesion. MTT method and SEM observations confirmed that bone scaffolds fabricated under the optimal manufacturing process possess suitable biocompatibility and mechanical properties, allowing smooth adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-like cells. Therefore, they have great potential for development in the field of tissue engineering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. V. Karageorgiou and D. Kaplan, Review: Porosity of 3D Biomaterial Scaffolds and Osteogenesis, Biomaterials, 2005, 26, p 5474–5491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. J.E. Tercero, S. Namin, D. Lahiri, K. Balani, N. Tsoukias, and A. Agarwal, Effect of Carbon Nanotube and Aluminum Oxide Addition on Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Coating’s Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2009, 29, p 2195–2202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Z. Badran, P. Pilet, E. Verron, J.M. Bouler, P. Weiss, G. Grimandi, J. Guicheux, and A. Soueidan, Assay of In Vitro Osteoclast Activity on Dentine, and Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 23, p 797–803

    Google Scholar 

  4. S.V. Dorozhkin, Bioceramics of Calcium Orthophosphates, Biomaterials, 2010, 31, p 1465–1485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. C.C. Silva, D. Thomazini, A.G. Pinheiro, J.F. Lanciotti, J.M. Sasaki, J.C. Góes, and A.S.B. Sombra, Optical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Obtained by Mechanical Alloying, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 2002, 63, p 1745–1757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. L.M. Ren, M. Todo, T. Arahira, H. Yoshikawa, and A. Myoui, A Comparative Biomechanical Study of Bone Ingrowth in Two Porous Hydroxyapatite Bioceramics, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2012, 262, p 81–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. M. Mastrogiacomo, S. Scaglione, R. Martinetti, L. Dolcini, F. Beltrame, R. Cancedda, and R. Quarto, Role of Scaffold Internal Structure on In Vivo Bone Formation in Macroporous Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics, Biomaterials, 2006, 27, p 3230–3237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. R. Murugan and S. Ramakrishna, Nano-Featured Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: A Review of Spinning Methodologies, Tissue Eng., 2006, 12, p 435–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. B. Müller, H. Deyhle, S. Lang, G. Schulz, T. Bormann, F.C. Fierz, and S.E. Hieber, Three-Dimensional Registration of Tomography Data for Quantification in Biomaterials Science, Int. J. Mater. Res., 2012, 103, p 242–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Wu, X. Wang, X. Zhao, C. Zhang, and B. Gao, A Study on the Fabrication Method of Removable Partial Denture Framework by Computer-Aided Design and Rapid Prototyping, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2012, 18, p 318–323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. F.H. Liu, Synthesis of Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Rapid Prototyping Technique, J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol., 2012, 64, p 704–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Billiet, M. Vandenhaute, J. Schelfhout, S.V. Vlierberghe, and P. Dubruel, A Review of Trends and Limitations in Hydrogel-Rapid Prototyping for Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials, 2012, 33, p 6020–6041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Lohfeld, S. Cahill, and V. Barron, Fabrication, Mechanical and In Vivo Performance of Polycaprolactone/Tricalcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds, Acta Biomater., 2012, 8, p 3446–3456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Eshraghi and S. Das, Micromechanical Finite-Element Modeling and Experimental Characterization of the Compressive Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds Prepared by Selective Laser Sintering for Bone Tissue Engineering, Acta Biomater., 2012, 8, p 3138–3143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Eosoly, N.E. Vrana, S. Lohfeld, M. Hindie, and L. Looney, Interaction of Cell Culture with Composition Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Fabricated Via Selective Laser Sintering, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2012, 32, p 2250–2257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. B. Duan, W.L. Cheung, and M. Wang, Optimized Fabrication of Ca-P/PHBV Nanocomposite Scaffolds Via Selective Laser Sintering for Bone Tissue Engineering, Biofabrication, 2011, 3, p 1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. K.C.R. Kolan, M.C. Leu, and G.E. Hilmas, Fabrication of 13-93 Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using Indirect Selective Laser Sintering, Biofabrication, 2011, 3, p 2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C. Shuai, C. Gao, Y. Nie, H. Hu, Y. Zhou, and S. Peng, Structure and Properties of Nano-Hydroxypatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering with a Selective Laser Sintering System, Nanotechnology, 2011, 22, p 28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. F.H. Liu, Y.K. Shen, and J.L. Lee, Selective Laser Sintering of a Hydroxyapatite Silica Scaffold on Cultured MG63 Osteoblasts In Vitro, Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., 2012, 13, p 439–444

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. F.H. Liu and Y.S. Liao, Fabrication Inner Complex Ceramic Part by Selective Laser Gelling, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 2010, 30, p 3283–3289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Zeltinger, Effect of Pore Size and Void Fraction on Cellular Adhesion, Proliferation, and Matrix Deposition, Tissue Eng., 2001, 7, p 557–572

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J.B. Nebe, M. Cornelsen, A. Quade, V. Weissmann, F. Kunz, S. Ofe, K. Schroeder, B. Finke, H. Seitz, and C. Bergemann, Osteoblast Behavior In Vitro in Porous Calcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds, Surface Activated with a Cell Adhesive Plasma Polymer Layer, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2012, 706–709, p 566–571

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. I. Zein, Fused Deposition Modeling of Novel Scaffold Architectures for Tissue Engineering Applications, Biomaterials, 2002, 23, p 1169–1185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Z. Xiong, Fabrication of Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Via Low Temperature Deposition, Scripta Mater., 2001, 45, p 773–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. B. Ma, Knowledge Enterprise: Intelligent Strategies in Product Design, Manuf. Manag., 2006, 207, p 710–716

    Google Scholar 

  26. M.Y. Lee, S.W. Liu, J.P. Chen, H.T. Liao, W.W. Tsai, and H.C. Wang, In Vitro Experiments on Laser Sintered Porous PCL Scaffolds with Polymer Hydrogel for Bone Repair, J. Mech. Med. Biol., 2011, 11, p 983–992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. J.M. Williams, Bone Tissue Engineering Using Polycaprolactone Scaffold Fabricated Via Selective Laser Sintering, Biomaterials, 2005, 26, p 4817–4827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. G.A. Fielding, A. Bandyopadhyay, and S. Bose, Effects of Silica and Zinc Oxide Doping on Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Tricalcium Phosphate Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, Dent. Mater., 2012, 28, p 113–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A.S. Hamizah, M. Mariatti, R. Othman, M. Kawashita, and A.R.N. Hayati, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymethylmethacrylate Bone Cement Composites Incorporated with Hydroxyapatite and Glass-Ceramic Fillers, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2012, 125, p 661–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Zhao, W. Huang, and M.N. Rahaman, Mechanism for Converting Al2O3-Containing Borate Glass to Hydroxyapatite in Aqueous Phosphate Solution, Acta Biomater., 2009, 5, p 1265–1273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M.E. Morks, Fabrication and Characterization of Plasma-Sprayed HA/SiO2 Coatings for Biomedical Application, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed., 2008, 1, p 105–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. ASTM C1161, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature, American Society for Testing and Materials, Barr Harbor, PA, 1996.

  33. C.F.L. Santos, A.P. Silva, L. Lopes, I. Pires, and I.J. Correia, Design and Production of Sintered β-Tricalcium Phosphate 3D Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2012, 32, p 1293–1298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. B. Rai, J.L. Lin, Z.X.H. Lim, R.E. Guldberg, D.W. Hutmacher, and S.M. Cool, Differences Between In Vitro Viability and Differentiation and In Vivo Bone-Forming Efficacy of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on PCL-TCP Scaffolds, Biomaterials, 2010, 31, p 7960–7970

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. L. Shor, S. Guceri, X. Wen, M. Gandhi, and W. Sun, Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Tissue Scaffolds and Osteoblast-Scaffold Interactions In Vitro, Biomaterials, 2007, 28, p 5291–5297

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. D.D. Deligianni, N.D. Katsala, P.G. Koutsoukos, and Y.F. Missirlis, Effect of Surface Roughness of Hydroxyapatite on Human Bone Marrow Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, Differentiation and Detachment Strength, Biomaterials, 2001, 22, p 87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. F.H. Liu, Synthesis of Biomedical Composite Scaffolds by Laser Sintering: Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 297, p 1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank all students who contributed to this study. The author would like to acknowledge Prof. Yung-Kang Shen for his help in cell culture. The author also would like to thank the National Science Council of Taiwan (Grant No. NSC 102-2221-E-262-005.) for its financial supports.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan County, Taiwan, ROC

    Fwu-Hsing Liu

Authors
  1. Fwu-Hsing Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fwu-Hsing Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Liu, FH. Fabrication of Bioceramic Bone Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 23, 3762–3769 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1142-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1142-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation