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Magnetic Nanoparticles as Support for Cellulase Immobilization Strategy for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Hydrothermally Pretreated Corn Cob Biomass

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Abstract

Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key process for lignocellulosic biomass conversion; a way to increase its efficiency and lessen the process cost is by targeting alternative strategies to improve the use of cellulolytic enzymes. This work addresses enzyme immobilization as a strategy to enhance lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis by simplifying enzyme recovery and opening possibility for continuous processes. Magnetic nanoparticles hold the advantage of easy separation compared to other immobilization supports. Hence, a cellulase cocktail was successfully bonded onto chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles reaching 65 mgprotein per g of support. The biocatalyst was stable at 4 °C after 30 days storage maintaining 80% of the initial activity and could be reused up to 13 cycles retaining 48.8% of the initial activity. Considering the information available on corn cob processing, it was used as model biomass for evaluating the efficiency of the system proposed. Corn cob was submitted to a hydrothermal pretreatment at 211 °C and non-isothermal regime for biomass fractionation. The pretreated corn cob solid rich in cellulose (61.17 g per 100 g of raw material) was used as substrate [5% (w/v) solid loading] to evaluate the hydrolysis potential of the immobilized cellulase, obtaining 21.84 g/L of glucose which corresponds to 64.45% conversion yield. Thus, this work validates the use of immobilized cellulase cocktails to effectively hydrolyze lignocellulosic substrates, a step-forward in lignocellulosic biorefineries and enzyme reusability. Moreover, the magnetic properties of the support make it a promising technique for eventual continuous operation, an important contribution for cost reduction of the process.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit. Elisa Zanuso is recipient of a PhD fellowship supported by the Mexican Science and Technology Council—Energy Sustainability Fund of Secretary of Energy Mexico (CONACY-SENER) (CONACYT ID 639021/495314).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade Do Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Elisa Zanuso, Lucília Domingues & José A. Teixeira

  2. Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico

    Héctor A. Ruiz

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  1. Elisa Zanuso
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  2. Héctor A. Ruiz
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  4. José A. Teixeira
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Contributions

Elisa Zanuso: Methodology, investigation, writing-original draft preparation, writing-reviewing and editing; Héctor A. Ruiz: Conceptualization, writing-reviewing and editing, visualization, supervision; José A. Teixeira: Conceptualization, resources, writing-reviewing and editing, supervision; Lucília Domingues: Conceptualization, resources, writing-reviewing and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Lucília Domingues.

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Zanuso, E., Ruiz, H.A., Domingues, L. et al. Magnetic Nanoparticles as Support for Cellulase Immobilization Strategy for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Hydrothermally Pretreated Corn Cob Biomass. Bioenerg. Res. 15, 1946–1957 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10384-z

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