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Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer

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Abstract

Background

Recently, many studies have investigated the role of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in carcinogenesis, highlighting its relation to both tumor regression and progression. In particular, the “inflammatory system”, made of innate and adaptive immune cells, interacts with cancer cells and their surrounding stroma. In this setting, the aim of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the TIME of major salivary gland carcinomas (MSGCs), with particular attention on the characteristics and prognostic role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the mechanisms that lead to TILs exhaustion and the important additional immune infiltrating factors that help SGC progression or remission.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed concerning published articles on the role of TIME in MSGCs.

Results

In this work we summarize the advancing knowledge on TIME in SGCs by demonstrating the key prognostic and/or predictive value of specific immune features.

Conclusion

From the analysis of the current ‘status of the art’ it clearly emerges a need for precise, unambiguous phenotyping of immune cell populations, as well as a more thorough understanding of the frequencies and interactions of multiple immune cell types inside the TIME and their spatial localization (intratumoral vs. stromal).

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Data Availability

Data is available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Code Availability

None.

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Author notes

  1. Maria Vittoria Veneroni and Bianca Maria Festa have contributed equally to this work.

  2. Armando De Virgilio and Luca Di Tommaso have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy

    Maria Vittoria Veneroni, Bianca Maria Festa, Andrea Costantino, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante, Armando De Virgilio & Luca Di Tommaso

  2. Otorhinolaryngology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    Bianca Maria Festa, Andrea Costantino, Giuseppe Spriano, Giuseppe Mercante & Armando De Virgilio

  3. Pathology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, MI, Italy

    Luca Di Tommaso

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  1. Maria Vittoria Veneroni
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Correspondence to Armando De Virgilio.

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Veneroni, M.V., Festa, B.M., Costantino, A. et al. Prognostic Impact of Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Its Predictive Role in Salivary Gland Cancer. Head and Neck Pathol 17, 515–527 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12105-023-01528-y

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