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Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lytic Halotolerant Phage from Yuncheng Saline Lake

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Abstract

Halophilic phage are a type of virus that exist in salty environments within halophilic archaeal or bacterial hosts. However, relatively few reports on halophilic bacteriophages exist, and our overall understanding of halophilic bacteriophages is quite limited. We used SYBR Green I fluorescent staining to detect the abundance of viruses in Yuncheng Saline Lake, China. Using the double-layer plate method, a lytic phage that could infect halophilic bacterium Salinivibrio sp. YM-43 was isolated and named YXM43. We studied host range, optimal host, morphological characteristics, nucleic acid type, protein composition, and other biological characteristics of the virus. Results reveal a high abundance of this halophilic virus in Yuncheng Saline Lake. The newly isolated bacteriophage YXM43 has a narrow host range, with the most suitable host being Virgibacillus sp. SK39. After purification and enrichment, YXM43 is observed as a spherical particle with a diameter of approximately 30 nm, with no tail. No lipid envelope can be seen in YXM43. The capsid protein of the virus can be separated into seven proteins with molecular weights ranging from 62.0 to 13.0 kDa. YXM43 is a DNA virus with a genome approximately 23 kb. The virus is tolerant of low salinity, and its activity is highest at a temperature of 60 °C and a pH of 10. YXM43 is temperature and pH tolerant, and can adapt to environmental change, even withstanding chloroform treatment. The results indicate that bacteriophage YXM43 is a novel halophilic bacteriophage with broad tolerance to environmental change.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Science and Technology Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province (2019L0859); Discipline project of “Characteristic Agricultural Products Development” (XK-2019012); Key discipline construction of Yuncheng University; Shanxi Basic Research Program (Free Exploration) (20210302123080). We also thank Steven M. Thompson from Liwen Bianji (Edanz) (www.liwenbianji.cn/), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

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  1. Life Sciences Department, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China

    Chuan-Xu Wang, Ai-Hua Zhao, Hui-Ying Yu, Ling-Li Wang & Xin Li

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  1. Chuan-Xu Wang
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  2. Ai-Hua Zhao
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Correspondence to Xin Li.

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Wang, CX., Zhao, AH., Yu, HY. et al. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Lytic Halotolerant Phage from Yuncheng Saline Lake. Indian J Microbiol 62, 249–256 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-022-01005-0

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