Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Human Gut Microbiota and Mental Health: Advancements and Challenges in Microbe-Based Therapeutic Interventions

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Indian Journal of Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Gut microbes play prime role in human health and have shown to exert their influence on various physiological responses including neurological functions. Growing evidences in recent years have indicated a key role of gut microbiota in contributing to mental health. The connection between gut and brain is modulated by microbes via neural, neuroendocrinal and metabolic pathways that are mediated through various neurotransmitters and their precursors, hormones, cytokines and bioactive metabolites. Impaired functioning of this connection can lead to manifestation of mental disorders. Around 1 billion of the world population is reported to suffer from emotional, psychological and neurological imbalances, substance use disorders and cognitive, psychosocial and intellectual disabilities. Thus, it becomes imperative to understand the role of gut microbes in mental disorders. Since variations occur in the conditions associated with different mental disorders and some of them have overlapping symptoms, it becomes important to have a holistic understanding of gut dysbiosis in these disorders. In this review, we consolidate the recent data on alterations in the gut microbes and its consequences in various neurological, psychological and neurodegenerative disorders. Further, considering these evidences, several studies have been undertaken to specifically target the gut microbiota through different therapeutic interventions including administration of live microbes (psychobiotics) to treat mental health disorders and/or their symptoms. We review these studies and propose that an integrative and personalized approach, where combinations of microbe-based therapeutic interventions to modulate gut microbes and in-use psychological treatment practices can be integrated and based on patient’s gut microbiome can be potentially adopted for effective treatment of the mental disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Cullen CM, Aneja KK, Beyhan S, Cho CE, Woloszynek S, Convertino M, McCoy SJ, Zhang Y, Anderson MZ, Alvarez-Ponce D, Smirnova E, Karstens L, Dorrestein PC, Li H, Sen Gupta A, Cheung K, Powers JG, Zhao Z, Rosen GL (2020) Emerging priorities for microbiome research. Front Microbiol 11:136. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00136

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Arnold WM, Hill ES, Fei N, Yee AL, Garcia MS, Cralle LE, Gilbert JA (2019) The human microbiome in health and disease. In: Netto G, Kaul K (eds) Genomic applications in pathology. Springer, Cham, pp 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96830-8_39

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Singhvi N, Gupta V, Gaur M, Sharma V, Puri A, Singh Y, Dubey GP, Lal R (2020) Interplay of human gut microbiome in health and wellness. Indian J Microbiol 60:26–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00825-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ekanayake A, Madegedara D, Chandrasekharan V, Magana-Arachchi D (2020) Respiratory bacterial microbiota and individual bacterial variability in lung cancer and bronchiectasis patients. Indian J Microbiol 60:196–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00850-w

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Rogers GB, Keating DJ, Young RL, Wong ML, Licinio J, Wesselingh S (2016) From gut dysbiosis to altered brain function and mental illness: mechanisms and pathways. Mol Psychiatry 21:738–748. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.50

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Gupta V, Sood U, Kumar R, Lal R, Kalia VC (2020) Microbiome: a new lease to microbiology. Indian J Microbiol 60:1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00852-8

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol 14:e1002533. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Kho ZY, Lal SK (2018) The human gut microbiome—a potential controller of wellness and disease. Front Microbiol 9:1835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01835

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Dafale NA, Srivastava S, Purohit HJ (2020) Zoonosis: an emerging link to antibiotic resistance under "One Health Approach". Indian J Microbiol 60:139–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00860-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Carabotti M, Scirocco A, Maselli MA, Severi C (2015) The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Ann Gastroenterol 28:203–209

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2017) The microbiome-gut-brain axis in health and disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 46:77–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2016.09.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. GBD (2017) Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2018) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017. Lancet 392:1789–1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Bastiaanssen TFS, Cussotto S, Claesson MJ, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2020) Gutted! unraveling the role of the microbiome in major depressive disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 28:26–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000243

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Caspani G, Kennedy S, Foster JA, Swann J (2019) Gut microbial metabolites in depression: understanding the biochemical mechanisms. Microb Cell 6:454–481. https://doi.org/10.15698/mic2019.10.693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Neufeld KM, Kang N, Bienenstock J, Foster JA (2011) Reduced anxiety-like behavior and central neurochemical change in germ-free mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 23(255–264):e119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01620.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV, Escaravage E, Savignac HM, Dinan TG, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF (2011) Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:16050–16055. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102999108

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Roubalova R, Prochazkova P, Papezova H, Smitka K, Bilej M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H (2020) Anorexia nervosa: gut microbiota-immune-brain interactions. Clin Nutr 39:676–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.03.023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann KU, Grundmann D, Philippeit H, Burmann J, Fassbender K, Schwiertz A, Schafer KH (2016) Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 32:66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhang L, Wang Y, Xiayu X, Shi C, Chen W, Song N, Fu X, Zhou R, Xu YF, Huang L, Zhu H, Han Y, Qin C (2017) Altered gut microbiota in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 60:1241–1257. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-170020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang L, Christophersen CT, Sorich MJ, Gerber JP, Angley MT, Conlon MA (2012) Elevated fecal short chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations in children with autism spectrum disorder. Dig Dis Sci 57:2096–2102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-012-2167-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Galland L (2014) The gut microbiome and the brain. J Med Food 17:1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2014.7000

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Golubeva AV, Joyce SA, Moloney G, Burokas A, Sherwin E, Arboleya S, Flynn I, Khochanskiy D, Moya-Perez A, Peterson V, Rea K, Murphy K, Makarova O, Buravkov S, Hyland NP, Stanton C, Clarke G, Gahan CGM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2017) Microbiota-related changes in bile acid & tryptophan metabolism are associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in a mouse model of autism. EBioMedicine 24:166–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.020

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim YK, Shin C (2018) The microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders: pathophysiological mechanisms and novel treatments. Curr Neuropharmacol 16:559–573. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X15666170915141036

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Sagar R, Dandona R, Gururaj G, Dhaliwal RS, Singh A, Ferrari A, Dua T, Ganguli A, Varghese M, Chakma JK, Kumar GA, Shaji KS, Ambekar A, Rangaswamy T, Vijayakumar L, Agarwal V, Krishnankutty RP, Bhatia R, Charlson F, Chowdhary N, Erskine HE, Glenn SD, Krish V, Mantilla Herrera AM, Mutreja P, Odell CM, Pal PK, Prakash S, Santomauro D, Shukla DK, Singh R, Singh RKL, Thakur JS, ThekkePurakkal AS, Varghese CM, Reddy KS, Swaminathan S, Whiteford H, Bekedam HJ, Murray CJL, Vos T, Dandona L (2020) The burden of mental disorders across the states of India: the global burden of disease study 1990–2017. Lancet Psychiatry 7:148–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30475-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Bundgaard-Nielsen C, Knudsen J, Leutscher PDC, Lauritsen MB, Nyegaard M, Hagstrøm S, Sørensen S (2020) Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic literature review. Gut Microbes. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2020.1748258

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Kang D, Adams JB, Coleman D, Pollard EL, Maldonado J, McDonough-Means S, Caporaso JG, Krajmalnik-Brown S (2019) Long-term benefit of Microbiota Transfer Therapy on autism symptoms and gut microbiota. Sci Rep 9:5821. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42183-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Prehn-Kristensen A, Zimmermann A, Tittmann L, Lieb W, Schreiber S, Baving L, Fischer A (2018) Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD. PLoS ONE 13:e0200728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Woo HD, Kim DW, Hong YS, Kim YM, Seo JH, Choe BM, Park JH, Kang JW, Yoo JH, Chueh HW, Lee JH, Kwak MJ, Kim J (2014) Dietary patterns in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nutrients 6:1539–1553. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6041539

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Jiang HY, Zhang X, Yu ZH, Zhang Z, Deng M, Zhao JH, Ruan B (2018) Altered gut microbiota profile in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 104:130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.07.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Yang B, Wei J, Ju P, Chen J (2019) Effects of regulating intestinal microbiota on anxiety symptoms: a systematic review. Gen Psychiatr 32:e100056. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100056

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Valles-Colomer M, Falony G, Darzi Y, Tigchelaar EF, Wang J, Tito RY, Schiweck C, Kurilshikov A, Joossens M, Wijmenga C, Claes S, Van Oudenhove L, Zhernakova A, Vieira-Silva S, Valles-Colomer M, Falony G, Darzi Y, Tigchelaar EF, Wang J, Tito RY, Schiweck C, Kurilshikov A, Joossens M, Wijmenga C, Claes S, Van Oudenhove L, Zhernakova A, Vieira-Silva S, Raes J (2019) The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression. Nat Microbiol 4:623–632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0337-x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Huang TT, Lai JB, Du YL, Xu Y, Ruan LM, Hu SH (2019) Current understanding of gut microbiota in mood disorders: an update of human studies. Front Genet 10:98. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00098

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Hu S, Li A, Huang T, Lai J, Li J, Sublette ME, Lu H, Lu Q, Du Y, Hu Z, Ng CH, Zhang H, Lu J, Mou T, Lu S, Wang D, Duan J, Hu J, Huang M, Wei N, Zhou W, Ruan L, Li MD, Xu Y (2019) Gut microbiota changes in patients with bipolar depression. Adv Sci (Weinh) 6:1900752. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.201900752

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rucklidge JJ, Harrison R (2010) Successful treatment of bipolar disorder II and ADHD with a micronutrient formula: a case study. CNS Spectr 15:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900027516

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Flowers SA, Ward KM, Clark CT (2020) The gut microbiome in bipolar disorder and pharmacotherapy management. Neuropsychobiology 79:43–49. https://doi.org/10.1159/000504496

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Fond GB, Lagier JC, Honore S, Lancon C, Korchia T, Sunhary De Verville PL, Llorca PM, Auquier P, Guedj E, Boyer L (2020) Microbiota-orientated treatments for major depression and schizophrenia. Nutrients 12:1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12041024

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Szeligowski T, Yun AL, Lennox BR, Burnet PWJ (2020) The gut microbiome and schizophrenia: the current state of the field and clinical applications. Front Psychiatry 11:156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00156

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhu F, Ju Y, Wang W, Wang Q, Guo R, Ma Q, Sun Q, Fan Y, Xie Y, Yang Z, Jie Z, Zhao B, Xiao L, Yang L, Zhang T, Feng J, Guo L, He X, Chen Y, Chen C, Gao C, Xu X, Yang H, Wang J, Dang Y, Madsen L, Brix S, Kristiansen K, Jia H, Ma X (2020) Metagenome-wide association of gut microbiome features for schizophrenia. Nat Commun 11:1612. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15457-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Seitz J, Belheouane M, Schulz N, Dempfle A, Baines JF, Herpertz-Dahlmann B (2019) The impact of starvation on the microbiome and gut-brain interaction in anorexia nervosa. Front Endocrinol (Laussanne) 10:41. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hata T, Miyata N, Takakura S, Yoshihara K, Asano Y, Kimura-Todani T, Yamashita M, Zhang XT, Watanabe N, Mikami K, Koga Y, Sudo N (2019) The gut microbiome derived from anorexia nervosa patients impairs weight gain and behavioral performance in female mice. Endocrinology 160:2441–2452. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00408

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Leclercq S, Starkel P, Delzenne NM, de Timary P (2019) The gut microbiota: a new target in the management of alcohol dependence? Alcohol 74:105–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.03.005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Meckel KR, Kiraly DD (2019) A potential role for the gut microbiome in substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology 236:1513–1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05232-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Bajaj JS, Sikaroodi M, Fagan A, Heuman D, Gilles H, Gavis EA, Fuchs M, Gonzalez-Maeso J, Nizam S, Gillevet PM, Wade JB (2019) Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with altered gut microbiota that modulates cognitive performance in veterans with cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 317:G661–G669. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00194.2019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Xu M, Wang C, Krolick KN, Shi H, Zhu J (2020) Difference in post-stress recovery of the gut microbiome and its altered metabolism after chronic adolescent stress in rats. Sci Rep 10:3950. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60862-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Li Y, Hao Y, Fan F, Zhang B (2018) The role of microbiome in insomnia, circadian disturbance and depression. Front Psychiatry 9:669. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00669

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhang J, Bi JJ, Guo GJ, Yang L, Zhu B, Zhan GF, Li S, Huang NN, Hashimoto K, Yang C, Luo AL (2019) Abnormal composition of gut microbiota contributes to delirium-like behaviors after abdominal surgery in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 25:685–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.13103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Saji N, Niida S, Murotani K, Hisada T, Tsuduki T, Sugimoto T, Kimura A, Toba K, Sakurai T (2019) Analysis of the relationship between the gut microbiome and dementia: a cross-sectional study conducted in Japan. Sci Rep 9:1008. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38218-7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Angelucci F, Cechova K, Amlerova J, Hort J (2019) Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 16:108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1494-4

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Adler CH, Beach TG (2016) Neuropathological basis of nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 31:1114–1119. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26605

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Hill-Burns EM, Debelius JW, Morton JT, Wissemann WT, Lewis MR, Wallen ZD, Peddada SD, Factor SA, Molho E, Zabetian CP, Knight R, Payami H (2017) Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome. Mov Disord 32:739–749. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26942

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Rinninella E, Raoul P, Cintoni M, Franceschi F, Miggiano GAD, Gasbarrini A, Mele MC (2019) What is the healthy gut microbiota composition? A changing ecosystem across age, environment, diet, and diseases. Microorganisms 7:14. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7010014

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Kulkarni AS, Kumbhare SV, Dhotre DP, Shouche YS (2019) Mining the core gut microbiome from a sample Indian population. Indian J Microbiol 59:90–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-018-0742-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kumar R, Sood U, Gupta V, Singh M, Scaria J, Lal R (2020) Recent advancements in the development of modern probiotics for restoring human gut microbiome dysbiosis. Indian J Microbiol 60:12–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Naumova N, Alikina T, Tupikin A, Kalmykova A, Soldatova G, Vlassov V, Kabilov M (2020) Human gut microbiome response to short-term Bifidobacterium-based probiotic treatment. Indian J Microbiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00888-1

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Burnet PWJ (2016) Psychobiotics and the manipulation of bacteria-gut-brain signals. Trends Neurosci 39:763–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2016.09.002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Barbosa RSD, Vieira-Coelho MA (2020) Probiotics and prebiotics: focus on psychiatric disorders—a systematic review. Nutr Rev 78:437–450. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuz080

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ansari F, Pourjafar H, Tabrizi A, Homayouni A (2020) The effects of probiotics and prebiotics on mental disorders: a review on depression, anxiety, alzheimer, and autism spectrum disorders. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 21:555–565. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200107113812

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N, Javelot H, Desor D, Nejdi A, Bisson JF, Rougeot C, Pichelin M, Cazaubiel M, Cazaubiel JM (2011) Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Br J Nutr 105:755–764. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510004319

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Allen AP, Hutch W, Borre YE, Kennedy PJ, Temko A, Boylan G, Murphy E, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G (2016) Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers. Transl Psychiatry 6:e939. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S, Bosch JA, Colzato LS (2015) A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun 48:258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Akbari E, Asemi Z, Daneshvar Kakhaki R, Bahmani F, Kouchaki E, Tamtaji OR, Hamidi GA, Salami M (2016) Effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive function and metabolic status in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind and controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 8:256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00256

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Tamtaji OR, Taghizadeh M, Daneshvar Kakhaki R, Kouchaki E, Bahmani F, Borzabadi S, Oryan S, Mafi A, Asemi Z (2019) Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 38:1031–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Nimgampalle M, Kuna Y (2017) Anti-Alzheimer properties of probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum MTCC 1325 in Alzheimer's disease induced albino rats. J Clin Diagn Res 11:KC01–KC05. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26106.10428

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Shaaban SY, El Gendy YG, Mehanna NS, El-Senousy WM, El-Feki HSA, Saad K, El-Asheer OM (2018) The role of probiotics in children with autism spectrum disorder: a prospective, open-label study. Nutr Neurosci 21:676–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2017.1347746

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Liu J, Sun J, Wang F, Yu X, Ling Z, Li H, Zhang H, Jin J, Chen W, Pang M, Yu J, He Y, Xu J (2015) Neuroprotective effects of Clostridium butyricum against vascular dementia in mice via metabolic butyrate. Biomed Res Int 2015:412946. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/412946

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Kelly JR, Allen AP, Temko A, Hutch W, Kennedy PJ, Farid N, Murphy E, Boylan G, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG (2017) Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav Immun 61:50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Reininghaus EZ, Wetzlmair LC, Fellendorf FT, Platzer M, Queissner R, Birner A, Pilz R, Hamm C, Maget A, Koidl C, Riedrich K, Klampfer K, Ferk K, Dalkner N (2020) The impact of probiotic supplements on cognitive parameters in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder: a pilot study. Neuropsychobiology 79:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000492537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Zmora N, Zilberman-Schapira G, Suez J, Mor U, Dori-Bachash M, Bashiardes S, Kotler E, Zur M, Regev-Lehavi D, Brik RB, Federici S, Cohen Y, Linevsky R, Rothschild D, Moor AE, Ben-Moshe S, Harmelin A, Itzkovitz S, Maharshak N, Shibolet O, Shapiro H, Pevsner-Fischer M, Sharon I, Halpern Z, Segal E, Elinav E (2018) Personalized gut mucosal colonization resistance to empiric probiotics is associated with unique host and microbiome features. Cell 174:1388–1405.e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Järbrink-Sehgal E, Andreasson A (2020) The gut microbiota and mental health in adults. Curr Opin Neurobiol 62:102–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.016

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Godos J, Currenti W, Angelino D, Mena P, Castellano S, Caraci F, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Ferri R, Grosso G (2020) Diet and mental health: review of the recent updates on molecular mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 9:346. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

HV and CDR acknowledge Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India for providing infrastructural support. SP thank Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India for Junior Research Fellowship in a project. PL thank University Grants Commission (UGC), Government of India for Senior Research Fellowship. SS and RL thank The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India for providing infrastructure facilities. RL acknowledges The National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI) for support under the NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship Scheme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Helianthous Verma, Sonika Phian & Charu Dogra Rawat

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Priya Lakra

  3. Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110003, India

    Jasleen Kaur

  4. The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India

    Sanjukta Subudhi & Rup Lal

Authors
  1. Helianthous Verma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sonika Phian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Priya Lakra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jasleen Kaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sanjukta Subudhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Rup Lal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Charu Dogra Rawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charu Dogra Rawat.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Verma, H., Phian, S., Lakra, P. et al. Human Gut Microbiota and Mental Health: Advancements and Challenges in Microbe-Based Therapeutic Interventions. Indian J Microbiol 60, 405–419 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00898-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-020-00898-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation