Abstract
Salt stress is an environmental factor that severely impairs plant growth and productivity. We have cloned a novel isoform of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter from Pennisetum glaucum (PgNHX1) that contains 5 transmembrane domains in contrast to AtNHX1 and OsNHX1 which have 9 transmembrane domains. Recently we have shown that PgNHX1 could confer high level of salinity tolerance when overexpressed in Brassica juncea. Here, we report the functional validation of this antiporter in crop plant rice. Overexpression of PgNHX1 conferred high level of salinity tolerance in rice. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing PgNHX1 developed more extensive root system and completed their life cycle by setting flowers and seeds in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. Our data demonstrate the potential of PgNHX1 for imparting enhanced salt tolerance capabilities to salt-sensitive crop plants for growing in high saline areas.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apse M P, Aharon G S, Snedden W A and Blumwald E 1999 Salt tolerance conferred by overexpression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport in Arabidopsis; Science 285 1256–1258
Apse M P, Sottosanto J B and Blumwald E 2003 Vacuolar cation/H+ exchange, ion homeostasis, and leaf development are altered in a T-DNA insertional mutant of AtNHX1, the Arabidopsis vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter; Plant J. 36 229–239
Arnon D I 1949 Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris; Plant Physiol. 24 1–15
Barkla B J and Blumwald E 1991 Identification of a 170-kDa protein associated with the vacuolar Na+/H+ antiport of Beta vulgaris; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 11177–11181
Boyer J S 1982 Plant Productivity and Environment; Science 218 443–448
Chauhan S, Forsthoefel N, Ran Y, Quigley F, Nelson D E and Bohnert H J 2000 Na+/ myoinositol symporters and Na+/H+ antiport in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum; Plant J. 24 511–522
Chomczynski P and Sacchi N 1997 Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction; Anal. Biochem. 162 156–159
Dibrov P and Fliegel L 1998 Comparative molecular analysis of Na+/H+ exchangers: a unified model for Na+/H+ antiport; FEBS Lett. 424 1–5
Fan L, Zheng S and Wang X 1997 Antisense suppression of phospholipase Dα retards abscisic acid and ethylene-promoted senescence of post harvest Arabidopsis leaves; Plant Cell 9 2183–2196
FAO 2005 Global Network on Integrated Soil Management for Sustainable Use of Salt-affected Soils. Rome, Italy: FAO Land and Plant Nutrition Management Service; http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/agll/spush
Fukuda A, Nakamura A, Tagiri A, Tanaka H, Miyao A, Hirochika H and Tanaka Y 2004 Function, intracellular localization and the importance in salt tolerance of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter from rice; Plant Cell Physiol. 45 149–159
Fukuda A, Nakamura A and Tanaka Y 1999. Molecular cloning and expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger gene in Oryza sativa; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1446 149–155
Fukuda A, Yazaki Y, Ishikawa T, Koike S and Tanaka Y 1998. Na+/H+ antiporter in tonoplast vesicles from rice roots; Plant Cell Physiol. 39 196–201
Garg A K, Kim J K, Owens T G, Ranwala A P, Choi Y D, Kochian L V and Wu R J 2002 Trehalose accumulation in rice plants confers high tolerance levels to different abiotic stresses; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 99 15898–15903
Greenway H and Munns R 1980 Mechanism of salt tolerance in non halophytes; Annu. Rev. Plant. Physiol. 31 149–190
Hamada A, Shona M, Xia T, Ohta M, Hayashi Y, Tanaka A and Hayakawa T 2001 Isolation and characterization of a Na+/H+ antiporter gene from the halophyte Atriplex gmelini; Plant Mol. Biol. 46 35–42
Hasegawa P M, Bressan R, Zhu J K and Bohnert H J 2000 Plant cellular and molecular responses to high salinity; Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51 463–499
Li J, Yang H, Peer WA, Richter G, Blakeslee J, Bandyopadhyay A, Titapiwantakun B, Undurraga S, Khodakovskaya M, Richards E L, Krizek B, Murphy A S, Gilroy S and Gaxiola R 2005 Arabidopsis H+-PPase AVP1 regulates auxin-mediated organ development; Science 310 121–125
Lu S Y, Jing Y X, Shen S H, Zhao H Y, Ma L O, Zhou X J and Li Q R Y F 2005 Antiporter gene from Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin.) link and its overexpression in transgenic tobacco; J. Integrative Plant Biol. 47 343–349
Ma X L, Zhang Q, Shi H Z, Zhu J K, Zhao Y X, Ma C L and Zhang H 2004 Molecular cloning and different expression of a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene in Saudea salsa under salt stress; Biol. Plant. 48 219–225
Mimura T, Kura-Hotta M, Tsujimura T, Ohnishi M, Miura M, Okazaki Y, Mimura M, Maeshima M and Washitani-Nemoto S 2003 Rapid increase of vacuolar volume in response to salt stress; Planta 216 397–402
Munns R 1993 Physiological processes limiting plant growth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypotheses; Plant Cell Environ. 16 15–24
Munns R 2005 Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together; New Phytol. 167 645–663
Ohnishi M, Fukuda-Tanaka S, Hoshino A, Takada J, Inagaki Y and Iida S 2005 Characterization of a novel Na+/H+ antiporter gene InNHX2 and comparison of InNHX2 with InNHX1, which is responsible for blue flower coloration by increasing the vacuolar pH in the Japanese morning glory; Plant Cell Physiol. 46 259–267
Ohta M, Hayashi Y, Nakashima A, Hamada A, Tanaka A, Nakamura T and Hayakawa T 2002 Introduction of a Na+/H+ antiporter gene from Atriplex gmelini confers salt tolerance to rice; FEBS Lett. 532 279–282
Rajagopal D, Agarwal P, Tyagi W, Singla-Pareek S L, Reddy M K and Sopory S K 2007 Pennisetum glaucum Na+/H+ antiporter confers high level of salinity tolerance in transgenic Brassica juncea; Mol. Breed. 19 137–151
Ren Z H, Gao J P, Li LG, Cai X L, Huang W, Chao D Y, Zhu M Z, Wang Z Y, Luan S and Lin H X 2005 A rice quantitative trait locus for salt tolerance encodes a sodium transporter; Nat. Genet. 37 1141–1146
Shi H, Ishitani M, Kim C and Zhu J K 2000 The Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance gene SOS1 encodes a putative Na+/H+ antiporter; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 6896–6901
Shi H, Lee B H, Wu S J and Zhu J K 2003 Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana; Nat. Biotech. 21 81–85
Singla-Pareek S L, Reddy M K and Sopory S K 2003 Genetic engineering of the glyoxalase pathway in tobacco leads to enhanced salinity tolerance; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100 14672–14677
Volkov V, Wang B, Dominy P J, Fricke W and Amtmann A 2004 Thellungiellahalophila, a salt tolerant relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, possesses effective mechanisms to discriminate between potassium and sodium; Plant Cell Environ. 27 1–14
Wu C A, Yang G D, Meng Q W and Zheng C C 2004 The cotton GhNHX1 gene encoding a novel putative tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter plays an important role in salt stress; Plant Cell Physiol. 45 600–607
Xia T, Apse M P, Aharon G S and Blumwald E 2002 Identification and characterization of a NaCl-inducible vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter in Beta vulgaris; Physiol. Plant. 116 206–212
Xiao-Yan Y, Ai-Fang Y, Ke-Wei Z and Ju-Ren Z 2004 Production and analysis of transgenic maize with improved salt tolerance by the introduction of AtNHX1; Gene Acta. Bot. Sinica. 46 854–861
Xue Z Y, Zhi D Y, Xue G P, Zhao Y X and Xia G M 2004 Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) expressing a vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporter gene with improved grain yield in saline soils in the field and a reduced level of leaf Na+; Plant Sci. 167 849–859
Yamaguchi T, Fukada T, Inagaki Y, Saito N, Sakakibara K Y, Tanaka T, Kusumi Y and Iida S 2001 Genes encoding the vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger and flower coloration; Plant Cell Physiol. 42 451–461
Zhang H X, Hodson J N, Williams J P and Blumwald E 2001 Engine-ering salt-tolerant Brassica plants: characterization of yield and seed oil quality in transgenic plants with increased vacuolar sodium accumulation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98 12832–12836
Zhang H X and Blumwald E 2001 Transgenic salt-tolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in foliage but not in fruit; Nat. Biotechnol. 19 765–768
Zhu J K 2001 Plant salt tolerance; Trends Plant Sci. 6 66–71
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, D., Singla-Pareek, S.L., Rajagopal, D. et al. Functional validation of a novel isoform of Na+/H+ antiporter from Pennisetum glaucum for enhancing salinity tolerance in rice. J Biosci 32, 621–628 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-007-0061-9
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-007-0061-9