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Lactate Improves Long-term Cognitive Impairment Induced By Repeated Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposures Through SIRT1-mediated Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in Male Mice

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Abstract

Repeated neonatal exposures to sevoflurane induce long-term cognitive impairment that has been reported to have sex-dependent differences. Exercise promotes learning and memory by releasing lactate from the muscle. The study tested the hypothesis that lactate may improve long-term cognitive impairment induced by repeated neonatal exposures to sevoflurane through SIRT1-mediated regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. C57BL/6 mice of both genders were exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 2 h daily from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P8. In the intervention experiments, mice received lactate at 1 g/kg intraperitoneally once daily from P21 to P41. Behavioral tests including open field (OF), object location (OL), novel object recognition (NOR), and fear conditioning (FC) tests were performed to assess cognitive function. The number of 5-Bromo-2′- deoxyuridine positive (BrdU+) cells and BrdU+/DCX+ (doublecortin) co-labeled cells, expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc), early growth response 1 (Egr-1), SIRT1, PGC-1α and FNDC5, and long-term potentiation (LTP) were evaluated in the hippocampus. Repeated exposures to sevoflurane induced deficits in OL, NOR and contextual FC tests in male but not female mice. Similarly, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity-related proteins and hippocampal LTP were impaired after repeated exposures to sevoflurane in male but not female mice, which could rescue by lactate treatment. Our study suggests that repeated neonatal exposures to sevoflurane inhibit adult hippocampal neurogenesis and induce defects of synaptic plasticity in male but not female mice, which may contribute to long-term cognitive impairment. Lactate treatment rescues these abnormalities through activation of SIRT1.

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Data Availability

The datasets used during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Yiquan Wei and Li Liu for their laboratory assistance and other laboratory members

for the study-related discussion.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82071196, 82271216, and 82001153), and by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221463).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Pain Management, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No. 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, 210009, China

    Li-Li Qiu, Xiao-Xiang Tan, Jiao-Jiao Yang, Hui Zhang, Jiang-Yan Xia & Jie Sun

  2. Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

    Mu-Huo Ji

  3. Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Chunjie Zhao

Authors
  1. Li-Li Qiu
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  2. Xiao-Xiang Tan
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  3. Jiao-Jiao Yang
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  4. Mu-Huo Ji
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  5. Hui Zhang
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  6. Chunjie Zhao
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  7. Jiang-Yan Xia
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  8. Jie Sun
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Contributions

Li–Li Qiu performed neonatal anesthesia, drug treatment, Western blot experiment, long-term potentiation recordings and drafted the manuscript. Xiao-Xiang Tan, Jiao-Jiao Yang, Mu-Huo Ji and Hui Zhang performed behavioral tests and Immunofluorescence. Chunjie Zhao performed the statistical analysis. Jiang-Yan Xia and Jie Sun designed the study and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jiang-Yan Xia or Jie Sun.

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Ethics Approval

The experimental procedures were approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee of Southeast University (Ethical permission code: 20210301071).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Qiu, LL., Tan, XX., Yang, JJ. et al. Lactate Improves Long-term Cognitive Impairment Induced By Repeated Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposures Through SIRT1-mediated Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Synaptic Plasticity in Male Mice. Mol Neurobiol 60, 5273–5291 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-023-03413-9

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