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\(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\) supported on chitosan for simple and easy recovery of visible light active efficient photocatalysts

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Abstract

To investigate the photocatalytic activities of heterogeneous systems under visible light, graphitic carbon nitride (g-\(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4})\) and chitosan (CS) were chosen as a model system. By solution cast method, \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\) were embedded into a CS biopolymer matrix in this study. The purpose is to degrade methyl orange (MO) using a novel \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\)/CS nanocomposite thin film. Using a visible light-equipped photoreactor with a tungsten incandescent lamp, photo-decolourization of dye was carried out. To catalyse the photodegradation of organic dye pollutant MO, a \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\)/CS nanocomposite film photocatalyst was found to be successful and a recovery of 100% of the photocatalyst is achieved by a simple new hand-picking technique. Using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, detailed characterization was carried out. \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\)/CS has high capacity and better photocatalytic activity compared to g-\(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\) and CS, because \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\) possesses a larger surface area and CS has high absorption efficiency which is indicated by the photocatalytic discolouration of MO under visible light irradiation. The \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\)/CS nanocomposite thin film photocatalyst is regarded as an excellent catalyst with 98% degradation efficiency and is prepared by the simple solution cast method. The total organic carbon value was measured to be 86%. These values evidence that the mineralization of MO was carried out under these conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to The Principal and Management, Panimalar Engineering College, Poonamallee and The Principal and Management, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur for their infrastructural support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Panimalar Engineering College, Poonamallee, 600123, India

    Kamatchi Thiyagarajan

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, 602117, India

    Stanly Samuel

  3. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India

    P Senthil Kumar & Sundaram Ganesh Babu

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Catalysis Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa

    Sundaram Ganesh Babu

Authors
  1. Kamatchi Thiyagarajan
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  2. Stanly Samuel
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  3. P Senthil Kumar
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  4. Sundaram Ganesh Babu
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Correspondence to Stanly Samuel.

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Thiyagarajan, K., Samuel, S., Kumar, P.S. et al. \(\hbox {C}_{3}\hbox {N}_{4}\) supported on chitosan for simple and easy recovery of visible light active efficient photocatalysts. Bull Mater Sci 43, 137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02107-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-020-02107-5

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