Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Pattern and Significance of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Carcinomas Using ITBCC Guidelines: a Low Resource Setting Practice Observation

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 21 February 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

Purpose

To determine the pattern and significance of tumour budding among colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Nigerian patients using the 2016 International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) guidelines.

Methods

H&E-stained slides of resected CRC at the University College Hospital and a private laboratory, both in Ibadan, Nigeria, from January 2008 to December 2017 were reviewed. Patient age, gender, tumour size and location were obtained from the surgical pathology records. Tumours were graded and staged according to the 2010 WHO and the 2017 UICC protocols, respectively. Tumour budding was determined at × 20 objective lens magnification with a 20-mm eyepiece field number diameter. Descriptive, Mann-Whitney U and chi-square test statistics were applied using SPSS 20; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Ninety-six cases were included in this study. Fifty-one (53.1%) showed tumour budding. Tumour bud count was low (0–4) in 66 (68.8%), intermediate (5–9) in 12 (12.5%) and high (≥ 10) in 18 (18.8%) tumours. Four tumours had pT1 stage, 35 pT2, 37 pT3 and 20 pT4. Forty-three (44.8%) tumours were lymph node–positive, and 10 (10.4%) had metastasis. Patients’ age and tumour size distribution were similar in the tumour budding and non-budding groups (52.4 ± 17.1/58.5 ± 13.9 years and 6.6 ± 2.9/6.6 ± 2.8 cm, respectively). There was significant association between tumour budding and tumour grade (p < 0.008), pT stage (p < 0.000), lymphovascular permeation (p < 0.000), perineural invasion (p < 0.003) and nodal status (p < 0.034), but not with gender (p = 0.588), metastasis (p = 0.327) and TNM group-stage (p = 0.062).

Conclusion

Tumour budding frequency is high among our CRC patients and is associated with poorer prognostic factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 21 February 2020

    The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. In Table 2, the number 36 under “N” should be 96 and “Tumour size in cm (range)” should read “Tumour size in cm.”

References

  1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Seigel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018 : GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394–424.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Allemani C, et al. Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995–2009 : analysis of individual data for 25 676 887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries ( CONCORD-2 ). Lancet. 2015;385(9972):977–1010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C. Colon and Rectum. In: TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 8th ed: Wiley Blackwell; 2017. p. 84–8.

  4. Mitrovic B, Schaeffer DF, Riddell RH, Kirsch R. Tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma : time to take notice. Mod Pathol. 2012;25(10):1315–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rogers AC, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of tumour budding in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2016;115(7):831–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Beaton C, Twine CP, Williams GL, Radcliffe AG. Systematic review and meta-analysis of histopathological factors influencing the risk of lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer. Color Dis. 2013;15:788–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lugli A, Karamitopoulou E, Zlobec I. Tumour budding : a promising parameter in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(11):1713–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. De Smedt L, Palmans S, Sagaert X. Tumour budding in colorectal cancer : what do we know and what can we do? Virchows Arch. 2016;468:397–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lugli A, et al. Recommendations for reporting tumor budding in colorectal cancer based on the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference ( ITBCC) 2016. Nat Publ Gr. 2017;30(9):1299–311.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Barel F, et al. Histopathological factors help to predict lymph node metastases more efficiently than extra-nodal recurrences in submucosa invading pT1 colorectal cancer. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Demir A, Alan O. Tumor budding for predicting prognosis of resected rectum cancer after neoadjuvant treatment. World J Surg Oncol. 2019;6:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gonzalez RS, Cates JM, Washington K. Associations among histologic characteristics and patient outcomes in colorectal carcinoma with a mucinous component. Histopathology. 2019;74(3):406–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Brockmoeller SF, et al. Predicting systemic spread in early colorectal cancer: can we do better? World J Gastroenterol. 2019;25(23):2887–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hamilton SR, et al. Tumours of the colon and rectum. In: WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC; 2010. p. 131–82.

    Google Scholar 

  15. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version20. IBM Corp. New York: Armonk; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zlobec I, Lugli A. Epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor budding in aggressive colorectal cancer : tumor budding as oncotarget. Oncotarget. 2010;1(7):651–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang Q, Wang L, Huang D, Xu M, Weng W, Ni S, et al. Pathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:1107–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Konishi T, et al. Poorly differentiated clusters predict colon cancer recurrence: an in-depth comparative analysis of invasive-front prognostic markers. Am J Surg Pathol. 2019;42(6):705–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Uchenna S. Ezenkwa, Gabriel O. Ogun, Oluwarotimi O. Bamiro, Mbwas I. Mashor, Clement A. Okolo, Omolade O. Adegoke & Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi

Authors
  1. Uchenna S. Ezenkwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gabriel O. Ogun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Oluwarotimi O. Bamiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mbwas I. Mashor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Clement A. Okolo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Omolade O. Adegoke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Olufemi J. Ogunbiyi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uchenna S. Ezenkwa.

Ethics declarations

The Helsinki guidelines for biomedical research and institutional guidelines on studies in human subjects were followed in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Ibadan/University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria ethical committee with IRB No.: UI/EC/17/0190. All data were completely anonymized.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ezenkwa, U.S., Ogun, G.O., Bamiro, O.O. et al. Pattern and Significance of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Carcinomas Using ITBCC Guidelines: a Low Resource Setting Practice Observation. J Gastrointest Canc 51, 1018–1023 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-020-00365-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-020-00365-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation