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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review

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Abstract

The Metastatic progression of solid tumors, such as thyroid cancer is a complex process which involves various factors. Current understanding on the role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid carcinomas suggests that EMT is implicated in the progression from follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). According to the literature, the initiation of the EMT program in thyroid epithelial cells elevates the number of stem cells, which contribute to recurrent and metastatic diseases. The EMT process is orchestrated by a complex network of transcription factors, growth factors, signaling cascades, epigenetic modulations, and the tumor milieu. These factors have been shown to be dysregulated in thyroid carcinomas. Therefore, molecular interferences restoring the expression of tumor suppressors, or thwarting overexpressed oncogenes is a hopeful therapeutic method to improve the treatment of progressive diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on EMT in thyroid cancer focusing on the main role-players and regulators of this process in thyroid tumors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Heewa Shakib & Mehdi Hedayati

  2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sadegh Rajabi

  3. Biochemistry Department, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Mohammad Hossien Dehghan

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

    Farideh Jalali Mashayekhi

  5. Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo

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Shakib, H., Rajabi, S., Dehghan, M.H. et al. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in thyroid cancer: a comprehensive review. Endocrine 66, 435–455 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-02030-8

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