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The Emerging Relevance of the Cysteine Protease Cathepsin S in Disease

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Abstract

Cathepsin S is a lysosomal cysteine protease that has been shown to play a key role in MHC class II antigen presentation. Consequently, it has been extensively evaluated as a therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Additionally, clinical and mechanistic evidence is emerging, revealing its inappropriate expression and secretion in a wide range of disease states including atherosclerosis and tumourigenesis. This review covers the known role and consequences of cathepsin S activity in these pathological disorders, highlighting various studies that have demonstrated its utility as a therapeutic target. This review also examines challenges that exist towards the development of agents that specifically target this protease and discusses the studies to date that have applied cathepsin S inhibitors in disease models.

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Conflict of interest

C. J. Scott and R. E. Burden own shares in Fusion Antibodies, Ltd.

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  1. Molecular Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK

    Donna M. Small, Roberta E. Burden & Christopher J. Scott

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  1. Donna M. Small
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Small, D.M., Burden, R.E. & Scott, C.J. The Emerging Relevance of the Cysteine Protease Cathepsin S in Disease. Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab 9, 122–132 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12018-011-9095-5

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