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Investigating the Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced Using Papaver somniferum Extract on Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, and the Induction of Apoptosis in the THP-1 Cell Line

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Abstract 

This study investigated the effect of novel zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) biosynthesized employing Papaver somniferum leaf on oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis in the leukemia cancer THP-1 cell. The obtained ZnO was examined using SEM, AFM, and TEM microscopy, which revealed an irregular spherical morphology with a size ranging from 20 to 30 nm, and the UV–vis absorbance revealed a strong absorption peak in the range of 360–370, nm confirming the production of ZnO NPs. THP-1 cells were subjected to an MTT, an EdU proliferation, a lactate dehydrogenase release tests, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction experiment, a DAPI staining detection assay, and a flow cytometric analysis for Annexin V to measure the effects of ZnO NPs on cancer cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and necrosis. Our results show that ZnO NPs inhibit THP-1 line in a concentration-dependent pattern. It was observed that ZnO NPs triggered necrosis (cell death) and apoptosis in the cell line. ZnO NPs massively improved the formation of intracellular ROS, which is crucial in deactivating the development of leukemic cells. In conclusion, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Papaver somniferum extract have the ability to inhibit proliferation leukemic cancer cells, making them potential anticancer agents.

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Abbreviations

UV:

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

EDX:

Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis

MTT:

[3-(4.5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)]-2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

Z-P:

Zeta potential

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

THP-1:

Human leukemia monocytic cell line

ZnO NPs:

Zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Afraa Ali Kadhim

  2. Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Nahida R. Abbas

  3. Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Hussam H. Kadhum

  4. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, 62001, Iraq

    Salim Albukhaty

  5. College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq

    Salim Albukhaty

  6. Division of Biotechnology, Applied Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

    Majid S. Jabir

  7. Department of Optics Techniques, Dijlah University College, Al-Masafi Street, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq

    Amel Muhson Naji

  8. Dentistry Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 00964, Iraq

    Sawsan S. Hamzah

  9. Radiological Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, , Babylon, Iraq

    Mustafa K. A. Mohammed

  10. Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq

    Hassan Al-Karagoly

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  1. Afraa Ali Kadhim
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  2. Nahida R. Abbas
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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology: A.A.K.; formal analysis: N.R.A. and H.H.K.; investigation and data curation: S.A., A.M.N., and M.K.A.M.; validation S.S.H.; visualization, original draft preparation: H.A.; writing—review and editing: M.S.J.; supervision: A.S.

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Correspondence to Mustafa K. A. Mohammed.

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Kadhim, A.A., Abbas, N.R., Kadhum, H.H. et al. Investigating the Effects of Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Produced Using Papaver somniferum Extract on Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, and the Induction of Apoptosis in the THP-1 Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 201, 4697–4709 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-023-03574-7

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