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Antibacterial Effects of ZnO Nanodisks: Shape Effect of the Nanostructure on the Lethality in Escherichia coli

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Abstract

The role of the shape of the nanostructure on the antibacterial effects of ZnO nanodisks has been investigated by detailed mass spectrometry-based proteomics along with other spectroscopic and microscopic studies on E. coli. The primary interaction study of the E. coli cells in the presence of ZnO nanodisks showed rigorous cell surface damage disrupting the cell wall/membrane components detected by microscopic and ATR-FTIR studies. Protein profiling of whole-cell extracts in the presence and absence of ZnO nanodisks identified several proteins that are upregulated and downregulated under the stress of the nanodisks. This suggests that the bacterial response to the primary stress leads to a secondary impact of ZnO nanodisk toxicity via regulation of the expression of specific proteins. Results showed that the ZnO nanodisks lead to the over-expression of peptidyl-dipeptidase Dcp, Transketolase-1, etc., which are important to maintaining the osmotic balance in the cell. The abrupt change in osmotic pressure leads to mechanical injury to the membrane, and nutritional starvation conditions, which is revealed from the expression of the key proteins involved in membrane-protein assembly, maintaining membrane integrity, cell division processes, etc. Thus, indicating a deleterious effect of ZnO nanodisk on the protective layer of E. coli. ZnO nanodisks seem to primarily affect the protective membrane layer, inducing cell death via the development of osmotic shock conditions, as one of the possible reasons for cell death. These results unravel a unique behavior of the disk-shaped ZnO nanostructure in executing lethality in E. coli, which has not been reported for other known shapes or morphologies of ZnO nanoforms.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. Vivek Polshettiwar, Prof. Deepa Khushalani, and Mr. Balasaheb Chandanshive for helping in carrying out characterization experiments. The authors are also thankful to Mr. Bharat T Kansara for providing technical assistance in LCMS studies and for analyzing Proteomics data. The authors also acknowledge National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai (NCNNUM), for providing the nanoparticle characterization facilities.

Funding

This work was supported by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, and funded by the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under project identification no. RT14003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, University of Mumbai, Vidya Nagari, Kalina Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 098, India

    Pooja B. Jaiswal & Bhupendra Pushkar

  2. National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai (NCNNUM), University of Mumbai, Vidya Nagari, Kalina Santacruz East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 098, India

    Pooja B. Jaiswal & Suhas Jejurikar

  3. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India

    Abhijit Mondal & Shyamalava Mazumdar

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  1. Pooja B. Jaiswal
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Jaiswal, P.B., Jejurikar, S., Mondal, A. et al. Antibacterial Effects of ZnO Nanodisks: Shape Effect of the Nanostructure on the Lethality in Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195, 3067–3095 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04265-0

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