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Advances in Immunotherapies for Gliomas

  • Neuro-Oncology (P.Y. Wen, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Immunotherapy-based treatment of glioblastoma has been challenging because of the tumor’s limited neoantigen profile and weakly immunogenic composition. This article summarizes the current clinical trials underway by evaluating the leading immunotherapy paradigms, the encountered barriers, and the future directions needed to overcome such tumor evasion.

Recent Findings

A limited number of phase III trials have been completed for checkpoint inhibitor, vaccine, as well as gene therapies, and have been unable to show improvement in survival outcomes. Nevertheless, these trials have also shown these strategies to be safe and promising with further adaptations. Further large-scale studies for chimeric antigen receptors T cell therapies and viral therapies are anticipated.

Summary

Many current trials are broadening the number of antigens targeted and modulating the microtumor environment to abrogate early mechanisms of resistance. Future GBM treatment will also likely require synergistic effects by combination regimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Michael Zhang, John Choi & Michael Lim

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Departments of Oncology, Otolaryngology, and Radiation Oncology, 453 Quarry Road, Neurosurgery 5327, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA

    Michael Lim

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Michael Zhang (Funding by the National Institutes of Health (5T32CA009695-27). Michael Lim (Funding from Arbor Pharmaceuticals, Accuray, BMS, Novartis, Biohaven; consultant: BMS, Merck, SQZ Biotechnologies, Tocagen, VBI, Biohaven; patents: combining focused radiation and immunotherapy, combining local chemotherapy and immunotherapy).

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Zhang, M., Choi, J. & Lim, M. Advances in Immunotherapies for Gliomas. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 22, 1–10 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-022-01176-9

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