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Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease

  • Gut Microbiome, Sympathetic Nervous System, and Hypertension (MK Raizada and EM Richards, Section Editors)
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Abstract

With over 100 trillion microbial cells, the gut microbiome plays important roles in both the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. Gut microbiome dysbiosis, resulted from alteration of composition and function of the gut microbiome and disruption of gut barrier function, is commonly seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The dysbiotic gut microbiome generates excessive amounts of uremic toxins, and the impaired intestinal barrier permits translocation of these toxins into the systemic circulation. Many of these uremic toxins have been implicated in the progression of CKD and increased cardiovascular risk. Various therapeutic interventions have been proposed that aim to restore gut microbiome symbiosis. If proven effective, these interventions will have a significant impact on the management of CKD patients. In this review, we discuss the consequences of gut microbiome dysbiosis in the context of CKD, discuss the consequences of gut dysbiosis, and highlight some of the recent interventions targeting the gut microbiome for therapeutic purposes.

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Acknowledgments

D.S.R. is supported by the National Institutes of Health grants 1R01DK073665-01A1, 1U01DK099924- 01, and 1U01DK099914-01.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    R. G. Armani & M. E. F. Canziani

  2. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20037, USA

    A. Ramezani, A. Yasir, S. Sharama, M. E. F. Canziani & D. S. Raj

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  1. R. G. Armani
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  2. A. Ramezani
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  3. A. Yasir
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Correspondence to D. S. Raj.

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Drs. Armani, Yasir, Sharama, Canziani, and Raj declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Sympathetic Nervous System, and Hypertension

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Armani, R.G., Ramezani, A., Yasir, A. et al. Gut Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 19, 29 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-017-0727-0

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