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Obesity, Motility, Diet, and Intestinal Microbiota—Connecting the Dots

  • Neurogastroenterology and Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract (S Rao, Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The goal of the present review is to explore the relationship between dietary changes and alterations in gut microbiota that contribute to disorders of gut motility and obesity.

Recent Findings

We review the microbiota changes that are seen in obesity, diarrhea, and constipation and look at potential mechanisms of how dysbiosis can predispose to these. We find that microbial metabolites, particularly short chain fatty acids, can lead to signaling changes in the host enterocytes. Microbial alteration leading to both motility disorders and obesity may be mediated by the release of hormones including glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP-1, GLP-2) and polypeptide YY (PYY). These pathways provide avenues for microbiota-targeted interventions that can treat both disorders of motility and obesity.

Summary

In summary, multiple mechanisms contribute to the interplay between the microbial dysbiosis, obesity, and dysmotility.

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Abbreviations

SCFAs:

Short chain fatty acids

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

FODMAP:

Fermentable oligosaccharides, monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polyols

GLP:

Glucagon-like peptide

GIP:

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

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Funding

SS is funded by NIH grant number NIH RO1 DK080684 and a VA Merit Award.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Maya Fayfman, Kristen Flint & Shanthi Srinivasan

  2. Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA

    Shanthi Srinivasan

  3. Emory University, Rm 201, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Shanthi Srinivasan

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  1. Maya Fayfman
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Correspondence to Shanthi Srinivasan.

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Fayfman, M., Flint, K. & Srinivasan, S. Obesity, Motility, Diet, and Intestinal Microbiota—Connecting the Dots. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 21, 15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11894-019-0680-y

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