Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common histological type of glioma, which has the most aggressive biological characters and the worst outcome. The targeted therapy of GBM requires more progression, and new biomarkers should be identified.
Materials and methods
In our study, we firstly retrieved the data of TCGA and compared the TPMs of all ANXAs in TCGA database. By quantitative PCR (qPCR), we detected the mRNA levels of ANXAs in 8 pairs of GBM tissues and their corresponding normal brain tissues. Moreover, we detected the expression of ANXAs in 118 cases of GBMs, and further evaluated their clinical significance by analyzing the correlation with clinicopathological factors, and estimated their prognostic significance with univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
In the TCGA database, ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4, and ANXA5 had higher transcripts per million (TPMs) in GBM tissues compared with the normal brain tissues, while ANXA3 expression was downregulated in GBM tissues. With qPCR, ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 were verified to be the upregulated genes in GBM, but other ANXAs had no significant differences. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, were correlated with poor prognosis of GBM and identified as independent prognostic biomarkers for poor outcome.
Conclusions
ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 are the upregulated genes in GBM. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, are independent prognostic biomarkers indicating unfavorable outcome. Our results suggest that expression profiles based on ANXA10 expression may be a new classification system to predict prognosis of GBM patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander BM, Cloughesy TF (2017) Adult glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 35(21):2402–2409. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.73.0119
Campos B, Olsen LR, Urup T, Poulsen HS (2016) A comprehensive profile of recurrent glioblastoma. Oncogene 35(45):5819–5825. https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2016.85
Van Meir EG, Hadjipanayis CG, Norden AD et al (2010) Exciting new advances in neuro-oncology: the avenue to a cure for malignant glioma. CA Cancer J Clin 60(3):166–193. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20069
Zanders ED, Svensson F, Bailey DS (2019) Therapy for glioblastoma: is it working? Drug Discov Today 24(5):1193–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.008
Le Rhun E, Preusser M, Roth P et al (2019) Molecular targeted therapy of glioblastoma. Cancer Treat Rev 80
Gerke V, Moss SE (2002) Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 82(2):331–371. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00030.2001
Gerke V, Creutz CE, Moss SE (2005) Annexins: linking Ca2+ signalling to membrane dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6(6):449–461. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm1661
Donnelly SR, Moss SE (1997) Annexins in the secretory pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 53(6):533–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s000180050068
Moss SE, Morgan RO (2004) The annexins. Genome Biol 5(4):219. https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2004-5-4-219
Wei B, Guo C, Liu S, Sun MZ (2015) Annexin A4 and cancer. Clin Chim Acta 447:72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.016
Xi Y, Ju R, Wang Y (2020) Roles of Annexin A protein family in autophagy regulation and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 130:110591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110591
Lu ZJ, Liu SY, Yao YQ et al (2011) The effect of miR-7 on behavior and global protein expression in glioma cell lines. Electrophoresis 32(24):3612–3620. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201100230
Maule F, Bresolin S, Rampazzo E et al (2016) Annexin 2A sustains glioblastoma cell dissemination and proliferation. Oncotarget 7(34):54632–54649. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10565
Wu L, Yang L, Xiong Y et al (2014) Annexin A5 promotes invasion and chemoresistance to temozolomide in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Tumour Biol 35(12):12327–12337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2545-1
Wu W, Yu T, Wu Y et al (2019) The miR155HG/miR-185/ANXA2 loop contributes to glioblastoma growth and progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 38(1):133. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-019-1132-0
Xu YF, Liu ZL, Pan C et al (2019) HMGB1 correlates with angiogenesis and poor prognosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma via elevating VEGFR2 of vessel endothelium. Oncogene 38(6):868–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-018-0485-8
Chen T, Li K, Liu Z et al (2021) WDR5 facilitates EMT and metastasis of CCA by increasing HIF-1alpha accumulation in Myc-dependent and independent pathways. Mol Ther. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.017
Li Z, Liu J, Chen T et al (2021) HMGA1-TRIP13 axis promotes stemness and epithelial mesenchymal transition of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in a positive feedback loop dependent on c-Myc. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 40(1):86. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-021-01890-1
Liu X, Yang M, Guo Y, Lu X (2021) Annexin A10 is a novel prognostic biomarker of papillary thyroid cancer. Ir J Med Sci 190(1):59–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-020-02263-x
Tang Z, Li C, Kang B et al (2017) GEPIA: a web server for cancer and normal gene expression profiling and interactive analyses. Nucleic Acids Res 45(W1):W98–W102. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx247
Cheng SX, Tu Y, Zhang S (2013) FoxM1 promotes glioma cells progression by up-regulating Anxa1 expression. PLoS ONE 8(8):e72376. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072376
Christensen MV, Hogdall CK, Jochumsen KM, Hogdall EVS (2018) Annexin A2 and cancer: a systematic review. Int J Oncol 52(1):5–18. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2017.4197
Foo SL, Yap G, Cui J, Lim LHK (2019) Annexin-A1 - a blessing or a curse in cancer? Trends Mol Med 25(4):315–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.004
Huang KS, Wallner BP, Mattaliano RJ et al (1986) Two human 35 kd inhibitors of phospholipase A2 are related to substrates of pp60v-src and of the epidermal growth factor receptor/kinase. Cell 46(2):191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(86)90736-1
Hung MS, Chen YC, Lin P et al (2019). Cul4A modulates invasion and metastasis of lung cancer through regulation of ANXA10. Cancers (Basel) 11(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050618
Sun R, Liu Z, Qiu B et al (2019) Annexin10 promotes extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma metastasis by facilitating EMT via PLA2G4A/PGE2/STAT3 pathway. EBioMedicine 47:142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.062
Tsai JH, Lin YL, Cheng YC et al (2015) Aberrant expression of annexin A10 is closely related to gastric phenotype in serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 28(2):268–278. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2014.96
Wang J, Zhao S, Wang F, Zhang Y (2019) Prognostic significance of increased expression of annexin A10 (ANXA10) in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Med Sci Monit 25:5666–5673. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.915911
Kim J, Kim MA, Jee CD et al (2009) Reduced expression and homozygous deletion of annexin A10 in gastric carcinoma. Int J Cancer 125(8):1842–1850. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24541
Liu SH, Lin CY, Peng SY et al (2002) Down-regulation of annexin A10 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with vascular invasion, early recurrence, and poor prognosis in synergy with p53 mutation. Am J Pathol 160(5):1831–1837. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61129-7
Schloer S, Pajonczyk D, Rescher U (2018). Annexins in translational research: hidden treasures to be found. Int J Mol Sci 19(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19061781
Gao H, Yu B, Yan Y et al (2013) Correlation of expression levels of ANXA2, PGAM1, and CALR with glioma grade and prognosis. J Neurosurg 118(4):846–853. https://doi.org/10.3171/2012.9.JNS112134
Schittenhelm J, Trautmann K, Tabatabai G et al (2009) Comparative analysis of annexin-1 in neuroepithelial tumors shows altered expression with the grade of malignancy but is not associated with survival. Mod Pathol 22(12):1600–1611. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2009.132
Lu SH, Yuan RH, Chen YL et al (2013) Annexin A10 is an immunohistochemical marker for adenocarcinoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreatobiliary system. Histopathology 63(5):640–648. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.12229
Kim JK, Kim PJ, Jung KH et al (2010) Decreased expression of annexin A10 in gastric cancer and its overexpression in tumor cell growth suppression. Oncol Rep 24(3):607–612
Macaron C, Lopez R, Pai RK, Burke CA (2016) Expression of annexin A10 in serrated polyps predicts the development of metachronous serrated polyps. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 7(12):e205. https://doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2016.60
Ishikawa A, Kuraoka K, Zaitsu J et al (2020) Loss of annexin A10 expression is associated with poor prognosis in early gastric cancer. Acta Histochem Cytochem 53(5):113–119. https://doi.org/10.1267/ahc.20-00014
Munksgaard PP, Mansilla F, Brems Eskildsen AS et al (2011) Low ANXA10 expression is associated with disease aggressiveness in bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 105(9):1379–1387. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.404
Arcone R, Arpaia G, Ruoppolo M et al (1993) Structural characterization of a biologically active human lipocortin 1 expressed in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem 211(1–2):347–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb19904.x
Ernst S, Lange C, Wilbers A et al (2004) An annexin 1 N-terminal peptide activates leukocytes by triggering different members of the formyl peptide receptor family. J Immunol 172(12):7669–7676. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.12.7669
Leoni G, Neumann PA, Kamaly N et al (2015) Annexin A1-containing extracellular vesicles and polymeric nanoparticles promote epithelial wound repair. J Clin Invest 125(3):1215–1227. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI76693
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of Ethics committee of YIDU Central Hospital and Shandong First Medical University, and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Informed consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Hankun Xu and Xiaoqian Wu contribute equally to this work.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, H., Wu, X., Dou, Y. et al. The prognostic significance of annexin A family in glioblastoma. Ir J Med Sci 191, 1539–1547 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02737-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02737-6