Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Factors influencing efficiency of somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana kurroo (Royle) cell suspension

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Plant Biotechnology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we would like to show unexpected morphogenic potential of cell suspensions derived from seedling explants of Gentiana kurroo (Royle). Suspension cultures were established with the use of embryogenic callus derived from seedling explants (root, hypocotyl and cotyledons). Proembryogenic mass proliferated in liquid MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D and 1.0 mg l−1 Kin. The highest growth coefficient was achieved for root derived cell suspensions. The microscopic analysis showed differences in aggregate structure depending on their size. To assess the embryogenic capability of the particular culture, 100 mg of cell aggregates was implanted on MS agar medium supplemented with Kin (0.0–2.0 mg l−1), GA3 (0.0–2.0 mg l−1) and AS (80.0 mg l−1). The highest number of somatic embryos was obtained for cotyledon-derived cell suspension on GA3-free medium, but the best morphological quality of embryos was observed in the presence of 0.5–1.0 mg l−1 Kin, 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 and 80.0 mg l−1 AS. The morphogenic competence of cultures also depended on the size of the aggregate fraction and was lower when size of aggregates decreased. Flow cytometry analysis reveled luck of uniformity of regenerants derived from hypocotyl suspension and 100% of uniformity for cotyledon suspension.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Kin:

6-Furfurylamonopurine

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

AS:

6-Aminopurine hemisulfate

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium (1962)

IM:

Initiation medium

K/C:

Cotyledon derived suspension culture

K/H:

Hypocotyl derived suspension culture

K/R:

Root derived suspension culture

References

  • Avjioglu A, Knox RB (1989) Storage lipid accumulation by zygotic and somatic embryos in culture. Ann Bot 63:409–420

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bach A, Pawłowska B (2003) Somatic embryogenesis in Gentiana pneumonanthe L. Acta Biol Crac 45(2):79–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi YE, Kim JW, Soh WY (1997) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai. Plant Cell Rep 17:84–88

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choi YE, Kim JW, Yoon ES (1999) High frequency of plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis from callus or cell suspension cultures in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Ann Bot 83:308–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hakman I, von Arnold S (1985) Plantlet regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in Picea abies (Norway spruce). J Plant Physiol 121:149–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosokawa K, Matsuki R, Oikawa Y, Yamamura S (2000) Production of transgenic gentian plants by particle bombardment of suspension-culture cells. Plant Cell Rep 19:454–458

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosokawa K, Oikawa Y, Yamamura S (1998) Mass propagation of ornamental gentian in liquid medium. Plant Cell Rep 17:747–751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joy IVRW, Yeung EC, Kong L, Thorpe TA (1991) Development of white spruce somatic embryos: I. Storage product deposition. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 27P:32–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamińska D, Wesołowska M, Króliczak P, Skrzypczak L, Grajek W (1998) Growth kinetics of cell cultures of Gentiana cruciata L., Gentiana tibetica King and gentiopicroside production. Biotechnology 3:107–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim JW, Soh WY (1996) Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from suspension cultures of Allium fistulosum L. Plant Sci 114:215–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikuła A, Rybczyński J, Tykarska T, Kuraś M (2001) Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana genus II. Scanning and ultrastructural analysis of early stages of somatic embryogenesis in liquid medium. Biol Bull Poznań 38:47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikuła A, Rybczyński JJ, Skierski J, Latkowska MJ, Fiuk A (2005) Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana genus IV.: characterization of Gentiana cruciata and Gentiana tibetica embryogenic cell suspensions. In: Hvoslef-Eide AK, Preil W (eds) Liquid culture systems for in vitro plant propagation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 345–356

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mikuła A, Skierski J, Rybczyński JJ (2002) Somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana genus III. Characterization of three-year old embryogenic suspensions of G. pannonica originated from various seedling explants. Acta Physiol Plant 24:311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikuła A, Tykarska T, Kuraś M, Iwanowska A, Rybczyński JJ (1996) Studies on the morphogenic potential of gentians in cell suspension. In: Proceedings of the international symposium. breeding research on medicinal and aromatic plants, Quedlinburg, Germany, pp 290–295

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Momčilovič I, Grubišić D, Nešković M (1997) Micropropagation of four Gentiana species (G. lutea, G. cruciata, G. purpurea, G. acaulis). Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 49:141–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan ER, Butler RM, Bicknell RA (1997) In vitro propagation of Gentiana cerina and Gentiana corymbifera. NZ J Crop Hort 25:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Nomura K, Komamine A (1995) Physiological and Biochemical aspects of somatic embryogenesis. In: Thorpe AT (ed) In vitro embryogenesis in plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 155–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Ørnstrup H, Mølgaard JP, Farestveit B (1993) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspensions of Exacum affine. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 35:37–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Preil W (2005) General introduction: a personal reflection on the use of liquid media for in vitro culture. In: Hvoslef-Eide AK, Preil W (eds) Liquid culture systems for in vitro plant propagation. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Raina R, Behera MC, Chand R, Sharma Y (2003) Reproductive biology of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Curr Sci 5:667–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruffoni B, Massabò F (1996) Plant production by somatic embryogenesis in cell suspension cultures of Lianthus russellianus Hook. Plant Tissue Cult Biotech 4:194–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma N, Chandel KPS, Paul A (1993) In vitro propagation of Gentiana kurroo—an indigenous threatened plant of medicinal importance. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 34:307–309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimizu K, Nagaike H, Yabuya T, Adachi T (1997) Plant regeneration from suspension culture of Iris germanica. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 50:27–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thiem B, Śliwińska E (2003) Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) in vitro cultures. Plant Sci 164:129–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yamada Y, Shoyama Y, Nishioka I, Kohda H, Namera A, Okamoto T (1991) Clonal micropropagation of Gentiana scabra BUNGE var. buergeri Maxim. and examination of the homogeneity concerning the gentiopicroside content. Chem Pharm Bull 39:204–206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung EC (1995) Structural and developmental patterns in somatic embryogenesis. In: Thorpe AT (ed) In vitro embryogenesis in plants. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 205–247

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botanical Garden, Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prawdziwka 2 Str., 02-973, Warsaw, Poland

    Agnieszka Fiuk & Jan J. Rybczyński

Authors
  1. Agnieszka Fiuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jan J. Rybczyński
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agnieszka Fiuk.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fiuk, A., Rybczyński, J.J. Factors influencing efficiency of somatic embryogenesis of Gentiana kurroo (Royle) cell suspension. Plant Biotechnol Rep 2, 33–39 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0045-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-008-0045-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation