Abstract
Drought is one of the most common environmental stresses affecting crops yield and quality. Plants’ responses to drought are controlled by regulatory mechanisms. Sesame is an important oilseed crop that most likely faces drought during its growth due to growing in semi-arid and arid areas. Despite this importance, there is little information about sesame regulatory mechanisms against drought stress. In this study, highly differentially expressed genes were identified using in-silico transcriptome analysis of two sesame genotypes (one sensitive and one tolerant) under drought stress. Interactions between identified genes and regulators including Transcription Factors (TF) and microRNAs (miRNA) were predicted using bioinformatics tools and then related regulatory networks were constructed. A total of 117 TFs and 133 miRNAs that might be involved in drought stress were identified with this approach. Key regulators of sesame under drought stress were detected by network analysis. Regulatory modules involved in drought response were extracted from the integrated networks using the MCODE algorithm, to explore important relationships. Finally, some of the identified drought-tolerance-related genes were examined using qRT-PCR analysis in two contrasting sesame genotypes under drought conditions. Interestingly, the studied genes showed a different expression pattern in the tolerant genotype compared to the sensitive. Taken together, our results suggest that miR530/TGA1/CER1, miR319/NAC29L, and miR171/SUC2L modules might play key roles in sesame drought tolerance by regulating wax biosynthesis, leaf senescence, and sugar transport during drought, respectively. Overall, the identified drought-related genes including TFs and miRNAs along with their relationships could be valuable candidates for future studies and breeding programs on enhancing sesame tolerance under drought stress.
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Data availability
In-silico data used and analyzed during the current study are available in the NCBI BioProject under accession numbers PRJNA478474 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA478474). Other data used to support the findings of this study are available in this manuscript and supporting materials.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- ABP:
-
Auxin-Binding Protein
- ADH1:
-
Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1
- AOP:
-
2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase
- bHLH:
-
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix
- bZIP:
-
Basic Leucine Zipper
- CASP:
-
Casparian Strip Membrane Protein
- CKX:
-
Cytokinin Dehydrogenase
- DEG:
-
Differentially Expressed Gene
- DHN:
-
Dehydrin
- DRC:
-
Drought Responsive Core
- DREB:
-
Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding
- DRG:
-
Drought-Related Gene
- DTR:
-
Drought Tolerant-Related
- CER1:
-
Eceriferum 1
- F3H:
-
Flavonoid 3’-Hydroxylase
- GRN:
-
Gene Regulatory Network
- HSP:
-
Heat Shock Proteins
- KNOX:
-
Knotted1-Like-Homeobox
- LEA:
-
Late Embryogenesis Abundant
- MCODE:
-
Molecular Complex Detection
- miR:
-
miRNA, microRNA
- NAC29L:
-
NAC Transcription Factor 29-Like
- PIF:
-
Phytochrome-Interacting Factor
- SUC2L:
-
Sucrose-Proton Symporter 2-Like
- SUS:
-
Sucrose Synthase
- SUT:
-
Sucrose Transporter
- TF:
-
Transcription Factor
- TGA1:
-
TGACG Sequence-Specific Binding Protein 1
- VLCA:
-
Very-Long-Chain Aldehyde
- VLCFA:
-
Very-Long-Chain-Fatty-Acyl-CoA
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU) and the Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT). The authors would like to thank Dr. Behnaz Dolatabadi for her technical help.
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MAB, SKK, MMN, and AMN designed the research. MAB performed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. SKK and AMN supervised the research. SKK, AD, PM, MMN, and AMN reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Baghery, M.A., Kazemitabar, S.K., Dehestani, A. et al. Insight into gene regulatory networks involved in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) drought response. Biologia 77, 1181–1196 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01009-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11756-022-01009-7