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Characteristics of Fatty Acid Composition of the Deep-Sea Vent Crab, Shinkaia crosnieri Baba and Williams

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Lipids

Abstract

The neutral and polar lipids of the Galatheidae vent crab, Shinkaia crosnieri, with its eggs were studied to assess its lipid physiology and trophic relationship at hydrothermal vents. The vent crab obtained many of its lipids from Bathymodiolus mussels and chemosynthetic microorganisms which live on a mat of long, silky setae on the crab body as exosymbionts. In all lipid classes, the major monounsaturated fatty acids were 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, which originate from bacteria. The major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the triacylglycerols were 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, 18:2n-7, 18:3n-4,7,10, and 16:2n-3, while those of the crab polar lipids were 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, 18:3n-4,7,10, 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid), 20:5n-3 (icosapentaenoic acid), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid) in the phosphatidylethanolamine, and 16:2n-4, 18:2n-4, and 18:3n-4,7,10, with noticeable levels of 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 in the phosphatidylcholine. In the crab and its eggs, TAG and phospholipid PUFA consisted primarily of n-4 family (n-4 and n-7) methylene-interrupted PUFA with n-3 and n-6 PUFA. The unique fatty acid composition mix of n-3, n-4, and n-6 PUFA in S. crosnieri lipids suggests the vent crab utilizing chemosynthetic bacteria, which produce both unusual n-4 and normal n-3 and n-6 PUFA. Such unique fatty acid composition differs from that reported for other common marine animals, which depend on organic matter derived from phytoplankton lipids.

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Abbreviations

ARA:

Arachidonic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

DMA:

Dimethylacetals

DMOX:

4,4-Dimethyloxazoline

EPA:

(E)icosapentaenoic acid

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

TAG:

Triacylglycerols

TFA:

Total fatty acids

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks Mikiko Tanaka and Akihito Takashima for their skilled technical assistance. The author also thanks the captains and crews of the Research Vessel “Natsushima” and the submersible “Shinkai 2000” operation teams for their cooperation and enthusiasm throughout the work. He also recognizes the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center for providing us with the opportunity to use their submersible.

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  1. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fuku-ura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-8648, Japan

    Hiroaki Saito

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Correspondence to Hiroaki Saito.

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Saito, H. Characteristics of Fatty Acid Composition of the Deep-Sea Vent Crab, Shinkaia crosnieri Baba and Williams. Lipids 46, 723–740 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-011-3549-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-011-3549-x

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