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Amido-Amine-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants: Thermal and Interfacial Properties and Interactions with Cationic Polyacrylamide

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Journal of Surfactants and Detergents

Abstract

Experimental studies were conducted to investigate thermal and interfacial properties of two in-house synthesized amido-amine-based cationic gemini surfactants namely: dodecanoic acid [3-({4-[(3-dodecanoylamino-propyl)-dimethyl-amino]-butyl}-dimethyl-amino)-propyl]-amide dibromide (12-4-12) and dodecanoic acid [3-({6-[(3-dodecanoylamino-propyl)-dimethyl-amino]-hexyl}-dimethyl-amino)-propyl]-amide dibromide (12-6-12). Thermogravimetric analysis showed the excellent thermal stability of surfactants and no structural degradation was observed at temperatures up to 250 °C. The long-term thermal stability of the surfactants was investigated with the aid of spectroscopic techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR (1H and 13C) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both surfactants were found to be thermally stable, and no changes in structure were observed after aging for 10 days at 90 °C. The interfacial tension of the surfactants was measured at three different temperatures (30, 60, and 80 °C), and the results showed a decrease in interfacial tension with increasing temperature and increasing spacer length of the surfactants. Rheological measurements were used to assess the interactions between the cationic gemini surfactant and cationic polyacrylamide. The addition of cationic surfactant reduced the viscosity and storage modulus of the polymer at low shear rate and frequency due to surfactant–polymer interactions and charge screening. The investigated surfactant–polymer system has great potential in high-temperature carbonate reservoirs, where conventional anionic surfactants are not recommended due to high adsorption.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    S. M. Shakil Hussain, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal & Abdullah S. Sultan

  2. Petroleum Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah S. Sultan

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  1. S. M. Shakil Hussain
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  2. Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
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  3. Abdullah S. Sultan
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Correspondence to Abdullah S. Sultan.

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Shakil Hussain, S.M., Kamal, M.S. & Sultan, A.S. Amido-Amine-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants: Thermal and Interfacial Properties and Interactions with Cationic Polyacrylamide. J Surfact Deterg 20, 47–55 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-016-1896-6

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