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Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced leaf organic acids, FC-R activity and Fe nutrition of apple under lime soil conditions

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Abstract

Iron chlorosis in the calcareous soils is one most important stress factors worldwide that limits photosynthesis and decreases fruit yield and quality. Certain soil rhizobacteria produce organic compounds such as plant acids and they may reduce the soil rhizosphere pH and affect ferric chelate reductase (FC-R) activity in root. However, there is no knowledge regarding changes in organic acids content and FC-R activities of leaf due to rhizobacterial root inoculation. Therefore, the efficiency of six plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were tested on apple cv. Braeburn on M9 and MM106 rootstocks. The results of the experiment showed leaf organic acid contents, iron quantity of soil, root and leaf and root and leaf FC-R activity were significantly affected via rhizobacteria applications in apple plants. In MM106 and M9, there was a remarkable increase in Fe in M3 inoculated soil by 95 and 89%, respectively, compared to control. Average increases in citric, malic, malonic, butyric and lactic acid in the leaf were obtained from rhizobacterial root inoculations of 25.1, 21.8, 29.6, 18.0 and 18.2% in Braeburn/MM106, respectively. In Braeburn/M9, MFDCa1 application increased all organic acid concentrations compared to the control. MFDCa2 treatment caused the maximum leaf FC-R activity in Braeburn on M9 and MM106 (60.9 and 50.3 nmol Fe+2 g−1 FW h−1, respectively) while the least values were determined in the control (33.5 and 29.9 nmol Fe+2 g−1 FW h−1, respectively). This study showed the bacterial strains tested in our study may be used as a biofertilizer instead of Fe fertilizers.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by TUBITAK (TOVAG 111O704), The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bozok University, Akdag Campus, Yozgat, Turkey

    Servet Aras

  2. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Kampus, 42030, Konya, Turkey

    Şeyma Arıkan, Muzaffer İpek, Ahmet Eşitken & Lütfi Pırlak

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey

    Mesude Figen Dönmez

  4. Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Kayisdagi, 34755, Istanbul, Turkey

    Metin Turan

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  1. Servet Aras
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  2. Şeyma Arıkan
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  3. Muzaffer İpek
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  4. Ahmet Eşitken
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  5. Lütfi Pırlak
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  6. Mesude Figen Dönmez
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Correspondence to Ahmet Eşitken.

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Communicated by M. J. Reigosa.

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Aras, S., Arıkan, Ş., İpek, M. et al. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhanced leaf organic acids, FC-R activity and Fe nutrition of apple under lime soil conditions. Acta Physiol Plant 40, 120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2693-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2693-9

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