Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro developmental study of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) polyembryoids from cell suspension using scanning electron microscopy

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, we report the in vitro development of polyembryoids with identification of a definite stage that can be used for subsequent uniform plantlet regeneration in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Induction and maturation of polyembryoids was accomplished when cell suspension culture was transferred in MS (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol Plant 15:473–497, 1962) semisolid medium consisting of 30 g L−1 sucrose and 3.5 g L−1 gelrite® devoid of any plant growth regulator. Growth and development of cell suspension culture into polyembryoids were assessed by stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the sequential events as well as the differentiation that occur during each stage. Observations on the differentiation symptoms showed that the embryos pass through distinct morphological characteristics indicating distinctively varied stages. SEM observations indicated the development of extracellular network at an early stage of differentiation and acts as the structural marker of differentiation leading to the development of polyembryoids via formation of globular proembryo and haustorium. Eventually, a specific developmental stage comprising haustorium and torpedo-shaped structure was identified, for conservation, regeneration or multiplication, based on the embryogenic competence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Abbreviations

2,4-D:

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FM:

Fibrillar material

GPE:

Globular proembryo

IC:

Intact cells

MCS:

Multicellular suspensor

PT:

Protoderm

RLC:

Rosette like complex

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SP:

Shoot primordia

References

  • Bobák M, Hlavačka A, Ovečka M, Šamaj J (1999) Effect of trifluralin and colchicines on the extracellular matrix surface networks during early stages of direct somatic embryogenesis of Drosera rotundifolia L. J Plant Physiol 155:387–392. doi:10.1016/S0176-1617(99)80121-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobák M, Šamaj J, Hlinková E, Hlavačka A, Ovečka M (2003) Extracellular matrix in early stages of direct somatic embryogenesis in leaves of Drosera spathulata. Biol Plant 47:161–166. doi:10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022245.64929.8b

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brett CT (2000) Cellulose microfibrils in plants: Biosynthesis, deposition, and integration into the cell wall. Int Rev Cytol 199:161–199. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(00)99004-1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman A, Blervacq A, Tissier J, Delbreil B, Vasseur J, Hilbert J (2000) Cell wall differentiation during early somatic embryogenesis in plants. I. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study on embryos regenerating from direct, indirect, and adventitious pathways. Can J Bot 78:816–823. doi:10.1139/b00-060

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Goodwin SM, Boroff VL, Liu X, Jenks MA (2003) Cloning and characterization of the WAX2 gene of Arabidopsis involved in cuticle membrane and wax production. Plant Cell 15:1170–1185. doi:10.1105/tpc.010926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corley RHV, Tinker PB (2003) Care and maintenance of oil palms. In: Corley RHV, Tinker PB (eds) The Oil Palm, 4th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp 287–326. doi:10.1002/9780470750971.ch10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Duval Y, Durand-Gasseltin T, Konan K, Pannetier C (1988) Vegetative propagation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by in vitro culture. Strategy and results. Oleagineux 43:39–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardon JJ, Corley RHV, Lee CH (1987) Breeding and selection for vegetative propagation in oil palm. In: Abbott AJ, Atkin RK (eds) Improvement of vegetatively propagated crops. Academic Press, Dublin, pp 64–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Konan KE, Durand-Gasselin T, Kouadio YJ, Rival A (2006) A modeling approach of the in vitro conversion of palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) somatic embryos. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 84:99–112. doi:10.1007/s11240-005-9010-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai KS, Yusoff K, Maziah M (2011) Extracellular matrix as the early structural marker for Centella asiatica embryogenic tissues. Biol Plant 55:549–553. doi:10.1007/s10535-011-0123-6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma X, Bucalo K, Determann RO, Cruse-Sanders JM, Pullman GS (2012) Somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration, and cryopreservation for Torreya taxifolia, a highly endangered coniferous species. Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 48:32–334. doi:10.1007/s11627-012-9433-4

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige S, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Namasivayam P, Skepper J, Hanke D (2006) Identification of a potential structural marker for embryogenic competency in the Brassica napus spp. oleifera embryogenic tissue. Plant Cell Rep 25:887–895. doi:10.1007/s00299-006-0122-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan X, Yang X, Lin G, Zou R, Chen H, Šamaj J, Xu C (2011) Ultrastructural changes and the distribution of arabinogalactan proteins during somatic embryogenesis of banana (Musa spp. AAA cv. ‘Yueyoukang 1’). Physiol Plant 142:372–389. doi:10.1111/j1399-3054.2011.01478.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popielarska-Konieczna M, Kozieradzka-Kriszkurna J, Świerczyńska J, Góralski G, Ślesak H, Bohdanowicz J (2008) Ultrastructure and histochemical analysis of extracellular matrix surface network in kiwifruit endosperm-derived callus culture. Plant Cell Rep 27:1137–1145. doi:10.1007/s00299-008-0534-9

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raemakers CJJM, Amati M, Staritsky G, Jacobsen E, Visser RGF (1993) Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Cassava. Ann Bot 71:289–294. doi:10.1006/anbo.1993.1037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šamaj J, Baluška F, Bobák M, Volkmann D (1999) Extracellular matrix surface network of embryogenic units of friable maize callus contains arabinogalactanproteins recognized by monoclonal antibody JIM4. Plant Cell Rep 18:369–374

    Google Scholar 

  • Šamaj J, Salaj T, Matusova R, Salaj J, Takac T, Samajova O, Volkmann D (2008) Arabinogalactan-protein epitope Gal4 is differentially regulated and localized in cell lines of hybrid fir (Abies alba × Abies cephalonica) with different embryogenic and regeneration potential. Plant Cell Rep 27:221–229. doi:10.1007/s00299-007-0429-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soh AC, Wong G, Tan CC, Chew OS, Chong SP, Ho YW, Wong CK, Choo CN, Nor Azura H, Kumar K (2011) Commercial-scale propagation and planting of elite oil palm clones: research and development towards realization. J Oil Palm Res 23:935–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Steinmacher DA, Saare-Surminski K, Lieberei R (2012) Arabinogalactan proteins and the extracellular matrix surface network during peach palm somatic embryogenesis. Physiol Plant. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01642.x (Published Online)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suranthran P, Gantait S, Sinniah UR, Subramaniam S, Sarifa SRSA, Roowi SH (2012) Effect of loading and vitrification solutions on survival of cryopreserved oil palm polyembryoids. Plant Growth Regul 66:101–109. doi:10.1007/s10725-011-9633-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verdeil JL, Hocher V, Huet C, Grosdemange F, Escoute J, Ferrière N, Nicole M (2001) Ultrastructural changes in coconut calli associated with the acquisition of embryogenic competence. Ann Bot 88:9–18. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1408

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Yayasan Felda, Malaysia, for the financial support through research grant and Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, for the research facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sharrmila Rengeswari Palanyandy, Periasamy Suranthran, Saikat Gantait & Uma Rani Sinniah

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden Heights, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Sreeramanan Subramaniam

  3. Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Maheran Abdul Aziz

  4. Felda Biotechnology Center (FBC), Bandar Enstek, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Periasamy Suranthran, Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee & Siti Habsah Roowi

Authors
  1. Sharrmila Rengeswari Palanyandy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Periasamy Suranthran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saikat Gantait
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Uma Rani Sinniah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sreeramanan Subramaniam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Maheran Abdul Aziz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sharifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Siti Habsah Roowi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uma Rani Sinniah.

Additional information

Communicated by S. Werbrouck.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Palanyandy, S.R., Suranthran, P., Gantait, S. et al. In vitro developmental study of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) polyembryoids from cell suspension using scanning electron microscopy. Acta Physiol Plant 35, 1727–1733 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1201-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-012-1201-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation